IQRF
DPA Framework
Technical Guide
Version v3.00
IQRF OS v4.00D
14. 3. 2017
Table of Contents
2.3.3 Peripherals vs. Interfaces
2.7.2 Get peripheral information
2.7.3 Get information for more peripherals
3.1 Standard operations in general
3.2.2 Get addressing information
3.2.17 Read remotely bonded module ID
3.2.18 Clear remotely bonded module ID
3.3.5 Read remotely bonded module ID
3.3.6 Clear remotely bonded module ID
3.4.7 Write HWP configuration byte
3.14.6 Predefined FRC Commands
3.14.6.2 UART or SPI data available
3.14.6.3 Acknowledged broadcast - bits
3.14.6.5 Acknowledged broadcast - bytes
8.3.15 BeforeSendingDpaResponse
8.3.19.1 Enumerate Peripherals
8.3.19.3 Handle Peripheral Request
8.4.4 DpaApiRfTxDpaPacketCoordinator
8.4.6 DpaApiReturnPeripheralError
8.5.1 bit ProvidesRemoteBonding
8.5.3 bit IFaceMasterNotConnected
8.5.5 bit EnableIFaceNotificationOnRead
8.6.2 AutoNetwork & Coordinator-AutoNetwork-Embedded
8.6.8 UserPeripheral-18B20-Idle
8.6.12 UserPeripheral-SPImaster
9.2.1 Storing Code at External EEPROM
9.2.3 Executing IQRF OS Change
10.5 Custom DPA Handler Events
10.6 Extended Peripheral Characteristic
11.2 One’s Complement Fletcher-16 Checksum Calculation
11.3 Custom DPA Handler Code at .hex File
11.5.1 W as a temporary variable
11.5.2 Variable access reorder
11.5.3 Variable access decomposition
11.5.4 Explicit MOVLB omitting
11.5.5 Direct function parameter usage
11.5.8 Function call before return
11.5.9 Using goto to avoid redundant code
11.5.10 Avoiding readFromRAM and getINDFx
11.5.11 Advanced C-compiler optimized instructions
11.5.12 do {} while () is preferred
11.5.14 Widening function parameter
11.5.16 Limiting variable scope
11.5.19 Pointer parameters mapped to FSRx
11.5.20 FSRx as 16-bit variable
11.5.21 Using FSRx to copy between buffers and variables
11.5.22 Accessing 16-bit MCU registers
11.5.23 Using IQRF OS offset and limit variables
11.5.24 Effective is not always effective
11.5.25 Assignment also have a value
11.5.26 Interval detection optimization
11.5.29 One instruction at if branch
11.5.30 Utilization of the preloaded W
11.5.31 == 1 is more effective than != 1
11.5.32 == 0xFF is more effective than != 0xFF
11.5.33 Expression modification
11.5.34 Computed goto with a table limit
11.5.35 Default is first at switch
11.5.36 Better to return from than after the loop
11.5.37 Modification instead of storing value
11.5.38 Assignment compares to 0
11.5.39 End condition of 16-bit loop variable
11.5.40 Shift for a smart comparison
11.5.41 Optimized return TRUE/FALSE
11.5.44 Setting zeroed variables
11.5.45 Compare to zero is more effective
Direct Peripheral Access (DPA) protocol is a simple byte-oriented protocol used to control services and peripheralsof IQMESH network devices (coordinator and nodes) by SPI or UART interfaces. DPA protocol implementation is distributed in the form of IQRF plug-in.
DPA protocol uses byte structured messages to communicate at IQMESH network. Every message always contains four mandatory parameters NADR, PNUM, PCMD and HWPID (foursome from now). The message can optionally hold data (array of bytes often referred to as PData throughout the document) to be transmitted or received. They are always described next to the foursome throughout this document. Although foursome parameters are typically described next to each other in this document, they do not have to be stored at consecutive memory addresses at the real scenario. The same rule does not apply to the message data.
Please note that a response, confirmation, and notification (with a small exception) DPA messages always contains the same NADR, PNUM, and PCMD as the original request message except the response message is flagged by the most significant bit of PCMD.
All values wider than byte are coded using little-endian style.
Symbols, variables, structures, methods etc. mentioned in this document are defined in header files DPA.h and DPAcustomHandler.h. Please consult IQRF OS documentation whenever an IQRF OS function is referenced in this document.
There are two device types depending on what type of network device it implements. For each device type, there is dedicated IQRF plug-in to upload.
[C] IQMESH Coordinator device
[N] IQMESH Node device
There is a separate DPA implementation for each of the IQRF RF modes (STD, LP) (as well as for Device types) prepared in the form of IQRF plug-in. Only STD and LP RF modes are supported. It is not possible to mix devices running at different modes at one IQRF MESH network.
The chosen interface transfers DPA message to/from the connected device. Data consist of the successively stored foursome and optional data.
2.3.1 SPI
The SPI interface is implemented using IQRF SPI protocol described in the document "SPI Implementation in IQRF TR modules". The document specifies how to setup SPI master and the communication over the SPI. The device always plays the role of SPI slave and the externally connected device is SPI master. The DPA protocol corresponds to the DM and DS bytes of IQRF SPI protocol.
2.3.2 UART
UART is configured 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and no parity bit. UART baud rate is specified at HWP Configuration. The size of both RX and TX buffers is 64 bytes.
HDLC byte stuffing protocol is used to frame, protect and encode DPA messages. Every data frame (DPA message) starts and ends with byte 0x7e (Flag Sequence). When actual data byte (applies to 8-bit CRC value too) equals to 0x7e (Flag Sequence) or 0x7d (Control Escape) then it is replaced by two bytes: 1st byte is 0x7d (Control Escape) and 2nd byte equals to original byte value XORed by 0x20 (Escape Bit).
An 8-bit CRC is used to protect data. The CRC value is appended after all data bytes and it is coded by the same HDLC byte stuffing algorithm. CRC is compatible with 1-Wire CRC with an initial value 0xFF, the polynomial is x8+x5+x4+1. See CRC Calculation for the implementations of CRC algorithm. There is also an online calculator available.
Example
The example shows encoded DPA Request “write bytes 0x7E, 0x7D at the RAM address 0 at node with address 0x2F”:
NADR=0x002F(Node address), PNUM=0x05(RAM peripheral), PCMD=0x01(RAM write), HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={00(address), {7E, 7D}(bytes to write)
CRC from bytes {0x2f, 0x00, 0x05, 0x01, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x7e, 0x7d} = 0x7e
|
Data in index |
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
CRC |
|
|||
|
Data in |
0x2f |
0x00 |
0x05 |
0x01 |
0xff |
0xff |
0x00 |
0x7e |
0x7d |
0x7e |
|||||
|
Data out index |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
14 |
|
Data out |
0x7e |
0x2f |
0x00 |
0x05 |
0x01 |
0xff |
0xff |
0x00 |
0x7d |
0x5e |
0x7d |
0x5d |
0x7d |
0x5e |
0x7e |
|
Note |
Flag Sequence |
original byte |
original byte |
original byte |
original byte |
original byte |
original byte |
original byte |
Control Escape |
0x7e XOR 0x20 |
Control Escape |
0x7d XOR 0x20 |
Control Escape |
0x7e XOR 0x20 |
Flag Sequence |
2.3.3 Peripherals vs. Interfaces
SPI or UART peripherals differ from SPI or UART interfaces. In general, the peripheral is just byte oriented data channel used to exchange data between the network and external deviceswhile the interface is used to control network devices from an external device using DPA messages. In the case of SPI, the external device must be an SPI master as the DPA network device is always an SPI slave.
2.3.3.1 Peripherals
Peripherals are typically used to control an external device connected to the [N] device via SPI or UART interface. The following picture shows an example where the [C] writes by UART Write & Read DPA request a text “Hello” to the UART peripheral at [N]. There is a terminal (external device) connected using UART to the [N]. Text “Hello” is then displayed at the terminal and text “Hi” (at this example the terminal automatically answers “Hi” to “Hello”) is read back to the [C] at the corresponding DPA response.
DPA protocol implementation is distributed in the form of IQRF plug-in. The plug-in filename has the following format:
[license]HWP-[device]-[rfmode]-[interface]-[dctr]-[version]-[date].iqrf
|
Item |
Value |
Description |
|
[license] |
General |
Full general HWP |
|
Demo |
Demo HWP |
|
|
[device] |
Coordinator |
Coordinator device [C] |
|
Node |
Node device [N] |
|
|
[rfmode] |
STD |
STD RF mode |
|
LP |
LP RF mode |
|
|
[interface] |
SPI |
SPI interface |
|
UART |
UART interface |
|
|
<empty> |
No interface supported ([N] at LP RF mode) |
|
|
[dctr] |
5xD |
For (DC)TRs of 5xD series |
|
7xD |
For (DC)TRs of 7xD series |
|
|
[version] |
Vabc |
DPA version a.bc (e.g. V213 stands for version 2.13) |
|
[date] |
yymmdd |
Release date (e.g. 140602 stands for June 2nd, 2014) |
All numbers are in hexadecimal format unless otherwise noted.
|
Parameter |
Value [hex] |
Description |
|
NADR |
00 IQMESH Coordinator
01-EF
IQMESH Node address
FC
Local (over interface) device FF IQMESH broadcast address 100-FFFF Reserved |
Network device address. Although it is 2 bytes wide, the 2B addressing is not supported (a higher byte is ignored). |
|
PNUM |
00 COORDINATOR 01 NODE 02 OS 03 EEPROM 04 EEEPROM 05 RAM 06 LEDR 07 LEDG 08 SPI 09 IO 0A Thermometer 0B PWM [*] 0C UART 0D FRC 0E-1F Reserved 20-3E User peripherals 40-7F Reserved 80-FF Not available |
Peripheral number (0x00 – 0x1F reserved for standard peripherals)
|
|
PCMD |
0-3E Command value 40-7F Command value 80-FF Not available |
Command specifying an action to be taken. Actually allowed value range depends on the peripheral type. The most significant bit is reserved for indication of DPA response message. |
|
HWPID [2B] |
0000 Default HW Profile xxx0 Reserved xxx1-xxxE Certified HW Profiles xxxF User HW Profiles FFFF Reserved |
HW profile ID (HWPID from now) uniquely specifies the functionality of the device, the user peripherals it implements, its behavior etc. The only device having the same HWPID as the DPA request will execute the request. When 0xFFFF is specified then the device with any HW profile ID will execute the request. Note – HWPID numbers used throughout this document are fictitious ones. |
|
PData [0-56B] |
An array of bytes. The maximum length is limited to 56 bytes (decimal). |
Optional message data. |
[*] Available at Demo version [N] device only.
DPA protocol (messages) is transferred over an interface that connects (DC)TR module (“slave”) to a superordinate system (”master”).
· Master sends DPA request.
· If addressee (NADR) is a (remote) IQMESH Node, not a local over the interface connected device (applies only to coordinator), then:
· The device immediately sends DPA confirmation back to the interface master.
· Node processes the DPA message.
· If the DPA message does not have a read-only (can be configured by EnableSPInotificationOnRead) side-effect and the interface is configured for the DPA communication at the node side, then the node sends DPA notification to its SPI master.
· If the DPA message was not sent using the broadcast address.
· Node returns DPA response back to coordinator via RF.
· Coordinator receives the DPA response and re-sends it to the interface master.
· In case of a local device
· The device processes the DPA request. In this case, the both sender and addressee addresses of the request are equal to 0xFC (local address).
· The device returns DPA response back to interface master.
2.6.1.1 Interfaces
The interface connects any ([C] or [N] ) network device to the external autonomous device and allows the external device to control the network and/or network device. By default the interface is always enabled at [C] device because it gives an external device means to control the [C] as well as the rest of the network. The interface at [N] devices must be explicitly enabled at HWP Configuration. See DPA Messages for details of the messages exchanged over the interface. Next table shows some differences in the interface behavior at different network devices:
|
Topic / Device |
[C] |
[N] |
|
DPA Messages |
DPA Request (in) |
|
|
NADR at DPA Request |
See NADR at General message parameters. Invalid value generates an ERROR_NADR error code. Both values 0x0000 and 0x00FC address the [C] device itself. |
Only value 0x00FC is allowed and it addresses the [N] device itself. Other values are silently ignored. There is no way to directly control [C] device coupled to [N]. |
See Examples of the interface usage.
2.6.2 DPA Request
DPA request consists of a foursome with optional data, depending on the actual request. DPA request is executed only if the specified HW profile ID matches the HW profile ID of the device unless HW profile ID in the foursome equals to 0xFFFF (HWPID_DoNotCheck).
2.6.3 DPA Confirmation
DPA confirmation confirms a reception of DPA request by interface slave to interface master at the coordinator. It consists of the same foursome that was part of the original DPA request plus following 5 additional data bytes. The Confirmation is not returned if the Request is incorrect (e.g. if request NADR is not valid). In this case, Response with an error code is returned.
The format of the Confirmation data bytes is the following
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
|
DPA Value |
Hops |
Timeslot length in 10 ms units
|
Hops Response |
DPA Value DPA value of the device.
Hops Number of hops used to deliver the DPA request to the addressed node. A hop represents any sending of a packet including sending from the sender as well as from any routing node.
Timeslot length Timeslot length used to deliver the DPA request to the addressed node. Please note that the timeslot used to deliver the response message from node to coordinator can have a different length.
Hops Response Number of hops used to deliver the DPA response from the addressed node back to the coordinator. In the case of broadcast, this parameter is 0 as there is no response sent back to the coordinator.
IQMESH timeslot length depends on the PData length of the DPA messages (the values may change in the future depending on the version of the DPA protocol and IQRF OS version) and the RF mode (STD, LP).
|
PData length [bytes] |
Timeslot length [ms] |
||
|
STD |
LP |
STD |
LP |
|
< 16 |
< 11 |
40 |
80 |
|
16 – 39 |
11 – 33 |
50 |
90 |
|
> 39 |
34 – 56 |
60 |
100 |
|
|
> 56 |
|
110 |
This information can be used to implement a precise timing of the control system (master) connected to the coordinator device by the interface in order to prevent data collision (e.g. when another DPA request is sent to the network before a routing of the previous communication is finished) at the network.
1. Wait till the previous IQMESH routing is finished (see step 7).
2. Make sure the interface is ready (e.g. SPI status is ReadyCommunication) and no data remained for reading from the interface.
3. Send DPA request via the interface.
4. Receive DPA confirmation via the interface. Remember the time when the confirmation was received (to be used later at step 7).
5.
Now wait ( Hops + 1
) × Timeslot length × 10 ms till the DPA Request routing is
finished.
Note: if it takes some extra time to prepare and send the response
back at the node side then, this time, must be considered (added)
to the total routing time.
6. Read DPA response from the interface within the time ( Hops Response + 1 ) × Estimated response timeslot length × 10 ms + Safety timeout. Estimated response timeslot length is the value based on expected length of data returned within the DPA response or it can be the worst case (e.g. 5 = 50 ms at STD mode). If the Timeslot length from the step 5 equals to the diagnostic long timeslot (20 = 200 ms), then use the same value for the estimated response timeslot length.
7. Find out the Actual response timeslot length from the PData length of the actual DPA response. Now the earliest time to send something to the IQMESH network equals to: Time the DPA confirmation was received + ( Hops + 1 ) × Timeslot length × 10 ms + ( Hops Response + 1 ) × Actual response timeslot length × 10 ms. This time is used for waiting at step 1.
Using this technique ensures reliable and optimal speed data delivery at the IQMESH network. Pay attention to the DPA requests that produce an intentional delay at the addressed device side (e.g. UART Write& Read, SPI Write & Read, IO Set, OS Sleep, OS Reset). Such delay (time) must be added to the total response time. Also, the response time for Discovery and Bond node requests is not predictable at all.
Please note that OS Read command returns the shortest and the longest timeslot length.
Example
Next figure shows processing UART Write & Read request. The request is marked Request 1. It writes 5 bytes of data to node [Nn] UART peripheral, waits 20 ms and then reads a number (unknown in advance) of bytes back from UART peripheral. The network is operated at STD mode and 200 ms diagnostic time slot is not used.
After sending Request 1 to the coordinator [C] the [C] replies by Confirmation 1. The confirmation reports q hops to deliver a request from [C] to [Nn] with a timeslot of 40 ms and also r hops to deliver response back from [Nn] to [C]. After the confirmation is sent the [C] transmits RF packet to the network (1st hop). The packet is received by [N1] and [N1] routes the packet further (2nd hop). The routed packet is received by [N2] as expected. Then routing continues. Last but one node [Nn-1] receives the routed packet and because of positive RF conditions and network topology the routed packet is also early received by the addressed node [Nn]. Then [Nn-1] makes very last routing but [Nn] does not receive the packet again.
Then DPA writes 5 bytes of data to the UART, waits another 20 ms and reads data from UART. In our example totally 20 bytes is read which results in the real timeslot of 50 ms to be used to deliver response back from [N3] to [C].
Then [Nn] waits for the still running routing to finish. After that [Nn] transmits the response packet to the network (1st hop). The packet is received by [Nn-1] which routes the packet further (2nd hop). Then routing continues. The routed packet is received by [N2]. [N2] routes the packet to [N1]. The packet is also received also by [C]. [C] immediately delivers Response 1 to its interface. In the same time [N1] finally routes the packet to the [C] which receives it but identifies it as the already received response thus [C] does not report it to the interface again.
The optimistic response time is:
( ( q + 1 ) × 30 ms ) + 20 ms + ( ( r + 1 ) × 40 ms )
The pessimistic response time is:
( ( q + 1 ) × 30 ms ) + 20 ms + ( ( r + 1 ) × 60 ms )
But the real response time was:
( ( q + 1 ) × 30 ms ) + 20 ms + ( ( r + 1 ) × 50 ms )
An optimistic response routing scenario is represented by dotted green arrows (potential 40 ms timeslot) and a pessimistic scenario is shown by dotted red arrows (potential 60 ms timeslot).
The next Request 2 cannot be sent to the network immediately after the Response 1 is received. The RF collision would occur. Request 2 can be issued after the actual routing finishes (end of the dotted blue arrow) the soonest. Another approach is to send next request to the [C] after the pessimistic (using the longest 60 ms response timeslot) is finished. For many applications that do not have to be time optimized this is the reasonable and easy to compute way of timing.
Throughout the document in the following examples of the DPA communication, the DPA Confirmation is not usually stated as the emphasis is put on DPA request-response pair messages.
2.6.4 DPA Notification
DPA notification notifies a connected master device at the node side that there was a DPA request without a read-only (can be configured by EnableIFacenotificationOnRead) side-effect processed by the node. It consists of the same foursome that was part of the original DPA request except for NADR that stores the address of the sender, not the addressee, and the HWPID that contains actual HW Profile ID of the device. DPA notification is therefore always 6 bytes long.
DPA notification is issued to the connected master interface when DPA request is sent from the coordinator or when the DPA request is part of the FRC acknowledged broadcast (see Acknowledged broadcast - bits and Acknowledged broadcast - bytes).
DPA notification is not issued in the case of DPA request invoked from a local interface, from DpaApiLocalRequest or from predefined FRCs Memory read and Memory read plus 1.
2.6.5 DPA Response
DPA response is an actual answer to the DPA request. DPA response consists of the same foursome that was part of the original DPA request except the response message is flagged by the most significant bit of PCMD and HWPID contains actual HW profile ID of the addressed device. Then come 2 bytes containing the Response code and DPA Value. In the case of error (response code is NOT equal to STATUS_NO_ERROR), no additional data is present. In the case of a STATUS_NO_ERROR response code the presence of the additional data depends on the DPA response type. If the response is asynchronous, i.e. it is not a response to the previously sent request, then the response code is marked by the highest bit set (STATUS_ASYNC_RESPONSE).
When composing DPA response in the Custom DPA Handler there is sometimes a need to signalize an error response with certain Response Code. The way how to return such response is described at chapter Handle Peripheral Request.
2.6.6 Examples
Note: DPA Value, HWPID, and data read from the memory shown in the following examples may differ in the real scenario.
Example 1
Switching on a red LED at coordinator:
· DPA request(master → slave)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x06, PCMD=0x01, HWPID=0xFFFF
· DPA response(slave → master)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x06, PCMD=0x81, HWPID=0xABCD, PData={0x00}(No error), {0x07}(DPA Value)
Notes:
· NADR 0x0000 Specifies coordinator address (0x00FC can be used too)
· PNUM 0x06 Specifies red LED peripheral
· PCMD 0x01 Set LED On command
· DPA Value Coordinator’s value
Example 2
Reading 2 bytes from RAM at address 1 of the local node:
· DPA request (master → slave)
NADR=0x00FC, PNUM=0x05, PCMD=0x00, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={0x01}(Address), {0x02}(Length)
· DPA response (slave → master)
NADR=0x00FC, PNUM=0x05,
PCMD=0x80, HWPID=0xABCD
PData={0x00}(No error), {0x07}(DPA Value),
{0xAB,0xCD}(Read data)
Notes:
· NADR 0x00FC Specifies local device address
· PNUM 0x05 Specifies RAM peripheral
· PCMD 0x00 Read command
· DPA Value Local node’s value
Example 3
Switching on a green LED at remote IQMESH node with address 0x0A:
· DPA request (master → slave)
NADR=0x000A, PNUM=0x07, PCMD=0x01, HWPID=0xFFFF
· DPA confirmation(slave → master)
NADR=0x000A, PNUM=0x07, PCMD=0x01, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={0xFF}(Confirmation), {0x07}(DPA Value), {0x06,0x03,0x06}(Hops, Timeslot length, Hops response)
· DPA notification (slave → master) at remote node side
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x07, PCMD=0x01, HWPID=0xABCD
· DPA response (slave → master)
NADR=0x000A, PNUM=0x07, PCMD=0x81, HWPID=0xABCD, PData={0x00}(No error), {0x06}(DPA Value)
Notes:
· PNUM 0x07 Specifies green LED peripheral
· NADR 0x0000 At DPA notification specifies that the Coordinator sent the original request
· DPA Value DPA confirmation: Coordinator’s value
DPA response: remote node’s value
Device exploration is used to obtain information about individual devices and their implemented peripherals.
2.7.1 Peripheral enumeration
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0xFF |
0x3F |
? |
The HWPID value is ignored at this command.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0…1 |
2 |
3…6 |
7…8 |
9…10 |
11 |
(12…23) |
|
NADR |
0xFF |
0xBF |
? |
0 |
? |
DpaVer |
PerNr |
StandardPer |
HWPID |
HWPIDver |
Flags |
UserPer |
DpaVer DPA protocol version
· 1st byte: bits 0-6 = minor version, bit 7 = demo version
· 2nd byte: major version
BCD coding is used, e.g. version 12.34 is coded as 0x1234, i.e. 1st byte 0x34, 2nd byte 0x12
PerNr Number of user-defined peripherals. Implemented user peripherals are flagged at the UserPer variable-size bitmap array.
StandardPer Bits array (starting from LSb of the 1st byte) specifying which of 32 standard peripherals are enabled in the HWP Configuration (it is a copy of first 4 bytes of the configuration area). If a peripheral is enabled in the configuration although it is not supported by the device, then calling Get peripheral information or Get information for more peripherals will return PERIPHERAL_TYPE_DUMMY peripheral type for this peripheral thus indicating that the peripheral is actually not available.
Bit values for Coordinator (bit 0) and Node (bit 1) peripherals are set according to the device support of these peripherals regardless of actual bit values stored at HWP Configuration. The bit value for OS is always set.
HWPID Hardware profile ID, 0x0000 if default
HWPIDver Hardware profile version, 1st byte = minor version, 2nd byte = major version
Flags Various flags:
· bit 0 STD IQMESH RF Mode supported
· bit 1 LP IQMESH RF Mode supported
· bit 2-7 Reserved
UserPer Bits array (starting from LSb of the 1st byte) specifying which of user peripherals are implemented. 1st bit corresponds to the peripheral 0x20 = PNUM_USER. The corresponding bits must be set at Enumerate Peripherals event. The length of this array can be from 0 to 12 bytes depending to the last implemented user peripheral number. A number of bits set at the bitmap must equal to the PerNr.
Example
· Request
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0xFF, PCMD=0x3F, HWPID=0xFFFF
· Response
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0xFF, PCMD=0xBF, HWPID=0xABCD, PData={0x00}(No error), {0x07}(DPA Value),{12,02}(DpaVer 2.12), {02}(PerNr), {E6,06,00,00}(StdPers), {CD,AB}(HWPID), {01,00}(HWPIDver), {41}(Flags), {02,01}(UserPer)
Coordinator (NADR=0x0000) having 2 user defined peripheral, Hardware profile ID of type 0xABCD (version 0x0001), DPA version 2.12 (not a demo version).
The following standard peripherals are enabled:
· 0x01 NODE
· 0x02 OS
· 0x05 RAM
· 0x06 LEDR
· 0x07 LEDG
· 0x09 IO
·
0x0A
Thermometer
bit array (E6,06,00,00): 11100110.00000110.00000000.00000000
The following user peripherals are implemented:
· 0x21
·
0x28
bit array (02,01): 00000010.00000001
2.7.1.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns16 DpaVersion;
uns8 UserPerNr;
uns8 StandardPer[ PNUM_USER / 8 ];
uns16 HWPID;
uns16 HWPIDver;
uns8 Flags;
uns8 UserPer[ ( PNUM_MAX - PNUM_USER + 1 + 7 ) / 8 ];
} TEnumPeripheralsAnswer;
TEnumPeripheralsAnswer _DpaMessage.EnumPeripheralsAnswer;
2.7.2 Get peripheral information
Returns detailed information about the peripheral.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
PNUM |
0x3F |
? |
The HWPID value is ignored at this command.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
NADR |
PNUM |
0xBF |
? |
0 |
? |
PerTE |
PerT |
Par1 |
Par2 |
PerTE Extended peripheral characteristic. See Extended Peripheral Characteristicconstants.
PerT Peripheral type. If the peripheral is not supported or enabled,
then PerTx = PERIPHERAL_TYPE_DUMMY. See Peripheral Types constants.
Par1 Optional peripheral specific information.
Par2 Optional peripheral specific information.
2.7.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 PerTE;
uns8 PerT;
uns8 Par1;
uns8 Par2;
} TPeripheralInfoAnswer;
TPeripheralInfoAnswer _DpaMessage.TPeripheralInfoAnswer;
2.7.3 Get information for more peripherals
Returns the same information as Get peripheral information but for up to 14 peripherals of consecutive indexes starting with the specified PCMD.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0xFF |
Per |
? |
Per Number of the first peripheral from the list to get the information about. The parameter value cannot be 0x3F because it would collide with Peripheral enumeration command.
The HWPID value is ignored at this command.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
… |
4×(n-1) |
4×(n-1)+1 |
4×(n-1)+2 |
4×(n-1)+3 |
|
NADR |
0xFF |
RPer |
? |
0 |
? |
PerTE1 |
PerT1 |
Par11 |
Par21 |
… |
PerTEn |
PerTn |
Par1n |
Par2n |
RPer Same as Per at request but with most significant bit set to indicate response message
n Number of peripherals the information was returned about.
If the peripheral at index x is not supported or enabled, then PerTx = PERIPHERAL_TYPE_DUMMY. The response data is always right-trimmed to the last supported or enabled peripheral that can fit in the data array i.e. the data never ends with one or more peripheral information with PerTx = PERIPHERAL_TYPE_DUMMY.
2.7.3.1 Source code support
TPeripheralInfoAnswer _DpaMessage.PeripheralInfoAnswers[MAX_PERIPHERALS_PER_BLOCK_INFO];
This (the longest) chapter documents all available standard peripherals and their commands. Nested chapters named Source code support show prepared C code types and variables to access the peripheral command from the code. This is done typically at Custom DPA Handler code.
3.1 Standard operations in general
Commands marked [sync] are executed after IQMESH routing is finished thus this event is synchronized among all devices that handled the original DPA request. This applies to the DPA request being sent using the broadcast address.
Commands marked [comdown] wait for maximum 100 ms to flush output buffers of SPI/UART Peripheral/Interface and then shuts it down. This is to prevent raising HW interrupts or to release OS bufferCOM variable that has to be used internally. After the command is finished the object is restarted.
DPA requests may return the following error codes:
ERROR_PCMD
The PNUM does not support the specified PCMD.
ERROR_PNUM The specified PNUM is not supported or the PNUM does not support the specified PCMD.
ERROR_DATA_LEN A number of bytes at PData message parameter is not appropriate for the specified PNUM/PCMD pair.
ERROR_HWPID
The specified HWPID does not correspond to an HWPID of the
device.
ERROR_NADR The NADR specifies the non-bonded device or its value is above the address limit in case of the DPA demo version.
3.1.1 Writing to peripheral
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
… |
n - 1 |
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
? |
PData0 |
… |
PDatan-1 |
n Data length
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
? |
0 |
? |
PCMD Same as PCMD at request but with most significant bit set to indicate response message.
3.1.1.1 Source code support
uns8 _DpaMessage.Request.PData[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH];
3.1.2 Reading from peripheral
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
… |
n - 1 |
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
? |
0 |
? |
PData0 |
… |
PDatan-1 |
PCMD Same as PCMD at request but with most significant bit set to indicate response message.
n Data length
3.1.2.1 Source code support
uns8 _DpaMessage.Response.PData[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH];
PNUM = 0x00
This peripheral is implemented at [C] devices and it is always enabled there regardless of the configuration settings.
General note: bond state of the node is not synchronized between the node and coordinator. There are separate requests concerning the bonding for node and coordinator.
3.2.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_IQMESH_COORDINATOR
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE
Par1 Maximum number of data (PData) bytes that can be sent in the DPA messages
Par2 Undocumented
3.2.2 Get addressing information
Returns basic network information.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x00 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
1 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x80 |
? |
0 |
? |
DevNr |
DID |
DevNr Number of bonded network nodes
DID Discovery ID of the network
3.2.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 DevNr;
uns8 DID;
} TPerCoordinatorAddrInfo_Response;
TPerCoordinatorAddrInfo_Response _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorAddrInfo_Response;
3.2.3 Get discovered nodes
Returns a bit map of discovered nodes.
Same as Get bonded nodes but PCMD = 0x01.
3.2.4 Get bonded nodes
Returns a bitmap of bonded nodes.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x02 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
… |
31 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x82 |
? |
0 |
? |
PData0 |
… |
PData31 |
PData0-31 Bit array indicating bonded nodes (addresses). Address 0 at bit0 of PData0, Address 1 at bit1 of PData0 etc.
3.2.4.1 Source code support
uns8 _DpaMessage.Response.PData[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH];
3.2.5 Clear all bonds
Removes all nodes from the list of bonded nodes at coordinator memory. It actually destroys the network from the coordinator point of view.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x03 |
? |
Response: General response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERRORError code
3.2.6 Bond node
Bonds a new node by the coordinator. There is a maximum approx. 10 s blocking delay when this function is called.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x04 |
? |
ReqAddr |
Bonding mask |
ReqAddr A requested address for the bonded node. The address must not be used (bonded) yet. If this parameter equals to 0, then the 1st free address is assigned to the node.
Bonding mask See IQRF OS User's and Reference guides (remote bonding, function bondNewNode).
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
1 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x84 |
? |
0 |
? |
BondAddr |
DevNr |
BondAddr Address of the node newly bonded to the network
DevNr Number of bonded network nodes
Error codes
ERROR_FAIL
a. Nonzero ReqAddr is already used.
b. No free address is available when ReqAddr equals to 0.
c. ReqAddr or assigned free address is above the address limit in
case of the DPA demo version.
d. Internal call to bondNewNode failed.
3.2.6.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 ReqAddr;
uns8 BondingMask;
} TPerCoordinatorBondNode_Request;
TPerCoordinatorBondNode_Request _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorBondNode_Request;
typedef struct
{
uns8 BondAddr;
uns8 DevNr;
} TPerCoordinatorBondNode_Response;
TPerCoordinatorBondNode_Response _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorBondNode_Response;
3.2.7 Remove bonded node
Removes already bonded node from the list of bonded nodes at coordinator memory.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x05 |
? |
BondAddr |
BondAddr Address of the node to remove the bond to
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x85 |
? |
0 |
? |
DevNr |
DevNr Number of bonded network nodes
Error codes
ERROR_FAIL BondAddr does not specify a bonded node.
3.2.7.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 BondAddr;
} TPerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Request;
TPerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Request
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Request;
typedef struct
{
uns8 DevNr;
} TPerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Response;
TPerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Response
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Response;
3.2.8 Re-bond node
Puts specified node back to the list of bonded nodes in the coordinator memory.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x06 |
? |
BondAddr |
BondAddr Address of the node to be re-bonded
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x86 |
? |
0 |
? |
DevNr |
DevNr Number of bonded network nodes
Error codes
ERROR_FAIL
a. BondAddr is already bonded.
b. BondAddr is above the address limit in case of the DPA demo
version.
3.2.8.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 BondAddr;
} TPerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Request;
TPerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Request
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Request;
typedef struct
{
uns8 DevNr;
} TPerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Response;
TPerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Response
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorRemoveRebondBond_Response;
3.2.9 Discovery
[comdown] Runs IQMESH discovery process. The time when the response is delivered depends highly on the number of network devices, the network topology, and RF mode, thus, it is not predictable. It can take from a few seconds to many minutes.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x07 |
? |
TxPower |
MaxAddr |
TxPower TX Power used for discovery.
MaxAddr Nonzero value specifies maximum node address to be part of the discovery process. This feature allows splitting all node devices into two parts: [1] devices having an address from 1 to MaxAddr will be part of the discovery process thus they become routers, [2] devices having an address from MaxAddr+1 to 239 will not be routers. See IQRF OS documentation for more information.
The value of this parameter is ignored at demo version. A value 5 is always used instead.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x87 |
? |
0 |
? |
DiscNr |
DiscNr Number of discovered network nodes
Error codes
ERROR_FAIL
When the internal call of discovery fails.
3.2.9.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 TxPower;
uns8 MaxAddr;
} TPerCoordinatorDiscovery_Request;
TPerCoordinatorDiscovery_Request _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorDiscovery_Request;
typedef struct
{
uns8 DiscNr;
} TPerCoordinatorDiscovery_Response;
TPerCoordinatorDiscovery_Response _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorDiscovery_Response;
3.2.10 Set DPA Param
Sets DPA Param. DPA Param (DPA Parameter) is a one-byte parameter stored at the coordinator RAM that configures network behavior. Default value 0x00 is set upon coordinator reset. The default value can be changed using Autoexec feature.
|
Bit |
Description |
||
|
0-1 |
Specifies which type of DPA Value is returned in every DPA response or DPA confirmation messages: |
||
|
00 |
lastRSSI: IQRF OS variable (*). In the case of the {C} device, the value is 0 until some RF packet is received. |
||
|
01 |
voltage: Value returned by getSupplyVoltage IQRF OS call (*) |
||
|
10 |
system: |
||
|
bit 0: Equals to bit DSMactivated. |
|||
|
bits 1-6: Reserved |
|||
|
bit 7: (*) |
|||
|
11 |
user specified DPA Value. See UserDpaValue. |
||
|
2 |
If 1, it allows easily diagnosing the network behavior based on following LED activities. Please note that this feature might collide with LED peripheral when used simultaneously giving undesirable effects. |
||
|
Red LED flashes |
When Node or Coordinator receives network message. |
||
|
Green LED flashes |
When Coordinator sends network message or when Node routes network message. |
||
|
3 |
If 1, then instead of using ideal timeslot length, a long fixed 200 ms timeslot is used. It allows easier tracking of network behavior. |
||
|
4-7 |
Reserved |
||
(*) The highest 7th bit indicates, that the node, that returned the DPA response, provided a remote pre-bonding to another node. Then Node peripheral commands can be used to find out its module ID and proceed with node authorization using Coordinator peripheral.
DPA Param is transparently sent with every DPA message from the coordinator and thus, it controls the network behavior “on the fly”. It is not permanently stored at nodes.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x08 |
? |
DPA Param |
DPA Param DPA Param to set.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x88 |
? |
0 |
? |
DPA Param |
DPA Param Previous value
3.2.10.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 DpaParam;
} TPerCoordinatorSetDpaParams_Request_Response;
TPerCoordinatorSetDpaParams_Request_Response
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorSetDpaParams_Request_Response;
3.2.11 Set Hops
Allows the specifying fixed number of hops used to send the DPA request/response or to specify an optimization algorithm to compute a number of hops. The default value 0xFF is set upon device reset.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x09 |
? |
Request Hops |
Response Hops |
Hops values:
0x00, 0xFF: See a description of the parameter of function optimizeHops in the IQRF OS documentation. 0x00 does not make sense for Response Hops parameter.
0x01 – 0xEF: Sets number of
hops to the value Request/ResponseHops - 1.
The result of Discovery
data command can be used to find out
an optimal number of hops based on destination node logical address
or virtual routing number respectively.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
1 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x89 |
? |
0 |
? |
Request Hops |
Response Hops |
Request/Response Hops Previous values
3.2.11.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 RequestHops;
uns8 ResponseHops;
} TPerCoordinatorSetHops_Request_Response;
TPerCoordinatorSetHops_Request_Response
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorSetHops_Request_Response;
3.2.12 Discovery data
Allows reading of coordinator internal discovery data. Discovery data can be used for instance for IQMESH network visualization and traffic optimization. Discovery data structure is documented at IQRF OS Operating System User's Guide, appendix “Coordinator Bonding and Discovery Data”.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 … 1 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x0A |
? |
Address |
Address Address of the discovery data to read. See IQRF OS documentation for details.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 … 47 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x8A |
? |
0 |
? |
Discovery data |
DiscoveryData Discovery data read from the coordinator private external EEPROM storage
Error codes
ERROR_FAIL Error accessing serial EEPROM chip.
3.2.12.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns16 Addr;
} TPerCoordinatorDiscoveryData_Request;
TPerCoordinatorDiscoveryData_Request _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorDiscoveryData_Request;
typedef struct
{
uns8 DiscoveryData[48];
} TPerCoordinatorDiscoveryData_Response;
TPerCoordinatorDiscoveryData_Response
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorDiscoveryData_Response;
3.2.13 Backup
Allows reading coordinator network information data that can be then restored to another coordinator in order to make a clone of the original coordinator. The backup data structure is not public and it is encrypted (except the very last byte) by an AES-128 algorithm using access password as a key.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x0B |
? |
Index |
Index Index of the block of data
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 … 48 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x8B |
? |
0 |
? |
Network data |
Network data One block of the coordinator network info data
To read all data blocks just start with Index = 0 and execute the Backup request. Then store received data block from the response. The last of the read data specifies how many data blocks remains to be read. So, if this byte is not 0 just increment Index (0, 1, …) and execute another Backup request.
Error codes
ERROR_DATA Index is out of range.
ERROR_FAIL Error accessing serial EEPROM chip.
3.2.13.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Index;
} TPerCoordinatorNodeBackup_Request;
TPerCoordinatorNodeBackup_Request _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorNodeBackup_Request;
typedef struct
{
uns8 NetworkData[49];
} TPerCoordinatorNodeBackup_Response;
TPerCoordinatorNodeBackup_Response _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorNodeBackup_Response;
3.2.14 Restore
Allows writing previously backed up coordinator network data to the same or another coordinator device. To execute the full restore all data blocks (in any order) obtained by Backup commands must be written to the device. Because the data to restore is encrypted by an AES-128 algorithm using access password as a key, the access password at the device must be same as the access password at the device that was originally backed up.
The following conditions must be met to make the coordinator backup fully functional:
· Backed up and restore devices have the same access password.
· No network traffic comes from/to restored coordinator during the restore process.
· Coordinator device is reset after the whole restore is finished.
· It is recommended to run Run discovery command before the network is used after restore because of possible RF differences between new and previous coordinator device HW.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 … 48 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x0C |
? |
NetworkData |
NetworkData One block of the coordinator network info data previously obtained by Backup command.
Response: General response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code
Error codes
ERROR_DATA Invalid (access password does not match) or inappropriate (e.g. coordinator data used to restore node or vice versa) NetworkData content.
ERROR_FAIL Error accessing serial EEPROM chip.
3.2.14.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 NetworkData[49];
} TPerCoordinatorNodeRestore_Request;
TPerCoordinatorNodeRestore_Request _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorNodeRestore_Request;
3.2.15 Authorize bond
Authorizes previously remotely pre-bonded node. This assigns the node the final network address. See IQRF OS documentation for more information about remote bonding concept.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 … 4 |
|
NADR |
0x00 |
0x0D |
? |
ReqAddr |
MID |
ReqAddr See Bond noderequest. If 0xFF is specified then the pre-bonded node is unbonded and then reset.
MID Module ID of the node to be authorized. Module ID is obtained by calling Read remotely bonded module ID.
Response: see response of Bond node command (except PCMD is 0x8D).
Error codes
ERROR_FAIL
a. Nonzero ReqAddr is already used.
b. No free address is available when ReqAddr equals to 0.
c. ReqAddr or assigned free address is above the address limit in
case of the DPA demo version.
d. Internal call to nodeAuthorization failed.
3.2.15.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 ReqAddr;
uns8 MID[4];
} TPerCoordinatorAuthorizeBond_Request;
TPerCoordinatorAuthorizeBond_Request _DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorAuthorizeBond_Request;
typedef struct
{
uns8 BondAddr;
uns8 DevNr;
} TPerCoordinatorAuthorizeBond_Response;
TPerCoordinatorAuthorizeBond_Response
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorAuthorizeBond_Response;
3.2.16 Enable remote bonding
Implemented at [C] devices. Has the same behavior as Enable remote bonding except PNUM = 0x00 and PCMD = 0x11.
3.2.17 Read remotely bonded module ID
Implemented at [C] devices. Has the same behavior as Read remotely bonded module ID except PNUM = 0x00 and PCMD = 0x0F.
3.2.18 Clear remotely bonded module ID
Implemented at [C] devices. Has the same behavior as Clear remotely bonded module ID except PNUM = 0x00 and PCMD = 0x10.
PNUM = 0x01
This peripheral is implemented at [N] devices and it is always enabled there regardless of the configuration settings.
General note: Bond state of the node is not synchronized between the node and coordinator. There are separated requests for node and coordinator concerning the bonding.
3.3.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_IQMESH_NODE
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE
Par1 Maximum number of data (PData) bytes that can be sent in the DPA messages
Par2 Undocumented
3.3.2 Read
Returns IQMESH specific node information.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x01 |
0x00 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 … 10 |
11 |
|
NADR |
0x01 |
0x80 |
? |
0 |
? |
ntwADDR … ntwCFG |
Flags |
ntwADDR … ntwCFG Block of all ntw* IQRF OS variables (ntwADDR, ntwVRN, ntwZIN, ntwDID, ntwPVRN, ntwUSERADDRESS, ntwID, ntwVRNFNZ, ntwCFG) in the same order and size as located in the IQRF OS memory. See IQRF OS documentation for more information.
Flags bit 0 Indicates whether the Node device is bonded.
bit 1-7 Reserved
3.3.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 ntwADDR;
uns8 ntwVRN;
uns8 ntwZIN;
uns8 ntwDID;
uns8 ntwPVRN;
uns16 ntwUSERADDRESS;
uns16 ntwID;
uns8 ntwVRNFNZ;
uns8 ntwCFG;
uns8 Flags;
} TPerNodeRead_Response;
TPerNodeRead_Response _DpaMessage.PerNodeRead_Response;
3.3.3 Remove bond
[sync] The bond is marked as unbonded (removed from network) using removeBond IQRF call. Bonding state of the node on the coordinator side is not affected at all.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x01 |
0x01 |
? |
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.3.4 Enable remote bonding
Puts node into a mode that provides a remote bonding of up to 7 new nodes. Remote bonding gives the new node temporary network address (0xFE). This process is called pre-bonding. A final logical network address is provided to the node using Authorize bond command. Then the node can be discovered and its virtual routing number is assigned. See IQRF OS documentation for more information about remote bonding concept.
Node stays in the remote bonding mode even if all 7 nodes were pre-bonded. It allows to the already pre-bonded node to be pre-bonded again, pre-bonding of another node is rejected. This gives possibility the new node to try pre-bonding again in the case when it did not receive pre-bonding confirmation after the previous bonding requests. Also, see bit ProvidesRemoteBonding.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
2 … 5 |
|
NADR |
0x01 |
0x04 |
? |
BondingMask |
Control |
UserData |
BondingMask See IQRF OS User's and Reference guides (remote bonding, function bondNewNode).
Control bit 0 Enables remote bonding mode. If enabled then previously bonded nodes are forgotten.
bit 1-7 Reserved
UserData Optional data that can be used at Reset Custom DPA Handler event.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.3.4.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 BondingMask;
uns8 Control;
uns8 UserData[4];
} TPerCoordinatorNodeEnableRemoteBonding_Request;
TPerCoordinatorNodeEnableRemoteBonding_Request
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorNodeEnableRemoteBonding_Request;
3.3.5 Read remotely bonded module ID
This command returns module IDs and user data of the remotely pre-bonded nodes. Non-user DPA Values also indicate if anynode was pre-bonded. See Set DPA Param and RemoteBondingCount.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x01 |
0x02 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 … 3 |
4 … 7 |
… |
8×(n-1) … |
… 8×n-1 |
|
NADR |
0x01 |
0x82 |
? |
0 |
? |
MID |
UserData |
|
MID |
UserData |
The responsecontains a list of MID/UserData pairs of pre-bonded nodes. If no node was pre-bonded no data is returned.
MID Module ID of the remotely pre-bonded node. It can be used later for bonding authorization later. See Authorize bond.
UserData Optional bonding user data specified at Reset Custom DPA Handler event.
3.3.5.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 MID[4];
uns8 UserData[4];
} TPrebondedNode;
typedef struct
{
TPrebondedNode PrebondedNodes[ DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH / sizeof(TPrebondedNode) ];
} TPerCoordinatorNodeReadRemotelyBondedMID_Response;
TPerCoordinatorNodeReadRemotelyBondedMID_Response
_DpaMessage.PerCoordinatorNodeReadRemotelyBondedMID_Response;
3.3.6 Clear remotely bonded module ID
This call makes a node forget of the nodes that were previously remotely pre-bonded. After calling this command calling of Read remotely bonded module ID returns no data. This command does not affect remote bonding mode enable/disable state.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x01 |
0x03 |
? |
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.3.7 Remove bond address
[sync] The node stays in the IQMESH network (it is not unbonded) but a temporary address 0xFE is assigned to it. This allows to address it (them) or to authorize it later by AuthorizeBond. It is highly recommended to read the device's Module ID before removing bond address to be able to authorize it later.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x01 |
0x05 |
? |
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.3.8 Backup
Same as coordinator Backup except PNUM = 0x01 and PCMD = 0x06.
3.3.9 Restore
Same as coordinator Restore except PNUM = 0x01 and PCMD = 0x07.
PNUM = 0x02
This peripheral is always enabled regardless of the configuration settings.
3.4.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_OS
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE
Par1 Date of the DPA build coded using BCD.
Par2 Lower nibble contains month of the date of the DPA build, higher nibble contains year above 2010.
Example: Par1=0x31, Par2=4A => build date is 31.10.2014.
3.4.2 Read
Returns some useful system information about the device.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x00 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 … 3 |
4 |
5 |
6 … 7 |
8 |
9 |
10 |
11 |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x80 |
? |
0 |
? |
ModuleID |
OSVersion |
TR&McuType |
OsBuild |
Rssi |
SupplyVoltage |
Flags |
SlotLimits |
ModuleID,
OSVersion,
TR&McuType,
OsBuild
See moduleInfo at IQRF OS Reference Guide.
Rssi See lastRSSI at IQRF OS Reference Guide. In the case of the {C} device, the value is 0 until some RF packet is received.
SupplyVoltage See getSupplyVoltage at IQRF OS Reference Guide.
Flags bit.0 is 1 if there is an insufficient OsBuild for the used DPA version.
bit.1 is 0 if SPI interface is supported; 1 if UART interface is supported.
bit.2 is 1 if Custom DPA Handler was detected.
bit.3-7 are reserved.
SlotLimits Lower nibble stores shortest timeslot length in 10 ms units, upper nibble stores the longest timeslot respectively. The stored length value is lowered by 3. So a value 0x31 specifies the shortest timeslot of 40 ms and the longest of 60 ms.
3.4.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 ModuleId[4];
uns8 OsVersion;
uns8 McuType;
uns16 OsBuild;
uns8 Rssi;
uns8 SupplyVoltage;
uns8 Flags;
uns8 SlotLimits;
} TPerOSRead_Response;
TPerOSRead_Response _DpaMessage.PerOSRead_Response;
3.4.3 Reset
[sync] [comdown] Forces (DC)TR transceiver module to carry out reset.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x01 |
? |
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.4.4 Restart
[sync] [comdown] Forces (DC)TR transceiver module to restart. It is similar to reset (the device starts, RAM and global variables are cleared) except MCU is not reset from the HW point of view (MCU peripherals are not initialized) and RFPGM on reset (when it is enabled) is always skipped.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x08 |
? |
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.4.5 Read HWP configuration
Reads a raw HWP configuration memory. Bit values for Coordinator (bit 0) and Node (bit 1) peripheral stored at HWP configuration are set the same way as at Peripheral enumeration.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x02 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
1 … 31 |
32 |
33 … n |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x82 |
? |
0 |
? |
Checksum |
Configuration |
RFPGM |
Undocumented |
Checksum Checksum of the Configuration part.
Configuration Content the configuration memory block from address 0x01 to 0x1F.
RFPGM See parameter of setupRFPGM IQRF OS function.
This command returns all bytes both from Checksum and Configuration sections being XORed by byte value 0x34 (other bytes are not XORed). The Checksum byte XORed with all Configuration bytes gives 0x5F.
3.4.5.1 Source code support
{
uns8 Checksum;
uns8 Configuration[31];
uns8 RFPGM;
uns8 Undocumented[1];
} TPerOSReadCfg_Response;
TPerOSReadCfg_Response _DpaMessage.PerOSReadCfg_Response;
3.4.6 Write HWP configuration
Writes HWP configuration memory. It is a programmer's responsibility to prepare correct configuration block including checksum byte. This command is for advanced users only. Please note that the device should be restarted for all configuration changes to take effect. See HWP configuration for details.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 … 31 |
32 |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x0F |
? |
Checksum |
Configuration |
RFPGM |
Checksum Checksum of the Configuration part. The Checksum byte XORed with all Configuration bytes gives 0x5F.
Configuration Content the configuration memory block from address 0x01 to 0x1F.
RFPGM See parameter of setupRFPGM IQRF OS function.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
Example
Following example shows writing RF output power value to the configuration in the Custom DPA Handler code.
// Read configuration
_PNUM = PNUM_OS;
_PCMD = CMD_OS_READ_CFG;
_DpaDataLength = 0;
DpaApiLocalRequest();
// Decode configuration
FSR0 = _DpaMessage.Response.PData + sizeof( _DpaMessage.PerOSWriteCfg_Request.Checksum ) + sizeof( _DpaMessage.PerOSWriteCfg_Request.Configuration );
do
{
setINDF0( *--FSR0 ^ 0x34 );
} while ( FSR0.low8 != ( _DpaMessage.Response.PData & 0xff ) );
// Update checksum
_DpaMessage.PerOSWriteCfg_Request.Checksum ^= _DpaMessage.PerOSWriteCfg_Request.Configuration[CFGIND_TXPOWER - sizeof(_DpaMessage.PerOSWriteCfg_Request.Checksum)] ^ txPowerToSet;
// Update TX power
_DpaMessage.PerOSWriteCfg_Request.Configuration[CFGIND_TXPOWER - sizeof(_DpaMessage.PerOSWriteCfg_Request.Checksum)] = txPowerToSet;
// Write configuration
_PCMD = CMD_OS_WRITE_CFG;
_DpaDataLength = sizeof( TPerOSWriteCfg_Request );
DpaApiLocalRequest();
3.4.6.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Checksum;
uns8 Configuration[31];
uns8 RFPGM;
} TPerOSWriteCfg_Request;
TPerOSWriteCfg_Request _DpaMessage.PerOSWriteCfg_Request;
3.4.7 Write HWP configuration byte
Writes multiple bytes to the HWP configuration memory. This command is for advanced users only. The Acknowledged broadcast is recommended for writing configuration values to all or selected nodes as it also confirms which nodes actually performed the configuration write. Please note that the device should be restarted for some configuration changes to take effect. See HWP configuration for details.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
2 |
… |
n × 3 |
n × 3 + 1 |
n × 3 + 2 |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x09 |
? |
Address0 |
Value0 |
Mask0 |
… |
Addressn |
Valuen |
Maskn |
Address Address of the item at configuration memory block. The valid address range is 0x01-0x1F for configuration values. Also, address 0x20 is a valid value for RFPGM settings. See parameter of setupRFPGM IQRF OS function.
Value Value of the configuration item to write.
Mask Specifies bits of the configuration byte to be modified by the corresponding bits of the Value parameter. Only bits that are set at the Mask will be written to the configuration byte i.e. when Mask equals to 0xFF then the whole Value will be written to the configuration byte. For example, when Mask equals to 0x12 then only bit.1 and bit.4 from Value will be written to the configuration byte.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
Error codes
ERROR_DATA Address is out of range.
3.4.7.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Address;
uns8 Value;
uns8 Mask;
} TPerOSWriteCfgByteTriplet;
typedef struct
{
TPerOSWriteCfgByteTriplet
Triplets[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH / sizeof( TPerOSWriteCfgByteTriplet )];
} TPerOSWriteCfgByte_Request;
TPerOSWriteCfgByte_Request _DpaMessage.PerOSWriteCfgByte_Request;
3.4.8 Run RFPGM
[sync] [comdown] Puts device into RFPGM mode configured at HWP Configuration. The device is reset when RFPGM process is finished. RFPGM runs at same channels (configured at HWP configuration) the network is using.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x03 |
? |
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.4.9 Sleep
Puts the device into sleep (power saving) mode.
[sync] [comdown] This command is implemented at the [N] device only.
The (in)accuracy of the real sleep time depends on the PIC LFINTOSC oscillator that runs watchdog timer. The oscillator frequency is mainly influenced by the device supply voltage and temperature volatility. See PIC MCU datasheet for more details.
If the interface is used then it is disabled before going to sleep and enabled after device wakes up.
Before going to sleep both SPI and UART DPA peripherals or DPA interfaces are automatically shut down and later restarted when device wakes up. Please consider implementing BeforeSleep and AfterSleepevents to handle MCU peripherals and pins to obtain the lowest possible device consumption.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
2 |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x04 |
? |
Time |
Control |
|
Time Sleep time in 2.097 s or 32.768 ms units. See Control.bit.4. Maximum sleep time is 38 hours 10 minutes 38.95 seconds or 35 minutes 47.48 seconds respectively. 0 specifies endless sleep (except Control.bit1 is set to run calibration process without performing sleep).
Control • bit 0 Wake up on PORTB.4 pin negative edge change. See iqrfSleep IQRF OS function for more information.
• bit 1 Runs calibration process before going to sleep. Calibration takes approximately 16 ms and this time is subtracted from the requested sleep time. Calibration time deviation may produce an absolute sleep time error at short sleep times. But it is worth to run the calibration always before a longer sleep because the calibration time deviation then accounts for a very small total relative error. The calibration is always run before a first sleep with nonzero Time after the module reset if calibration was not already initiated by Time=0 and Control.bit.1=1.
• bit 2 If set, then if the device wakes up after the sleep period, a green LED once shortly flashes. It is useful for diagnostic purposes.
• bit 3 Wake up on PORTB.4 pin positive edge change. See iqrfSleep IQRF OS function for more information.
• bit 4 If set then the unit is 32.768 ms instead of default 2.097 s (i.e. 2048 × 1.024 ms).
• bit 5 iqrfDeepSleep instead of iqrfSleep is used. See IQRF OS documentation for more information.
• bit 6-7 Reserved.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.4.9.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns16 Time;
uns8 Control;
} TPerOSSleep_Request;
TPerOSSleep_Request _DpaMessage.PerOSSleep_Request;
3.4.10 Set Security
This command allows setting various security parameters.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 … 16 |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x06 |
? |
Type |
Data |
Type 0 Sets access password stored at Data using setAccessPassword. IQRF OS function
1 Sets user key stored at Data using setUserKey IQRF OS function.
other Reserved
Data See Type above.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
Error codes
ERROR_DATA Invalid Type value.
3.4.10.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Type;
uns8 Data[16];
} TPerOSSetSecurity_Request;
TPerOSSetSecurity_Request _DpaMessage.PerOSSetSecurity_Request;
3.4.11 Batch
[sync] Batch command allows executing more individual DPA requests within one original DPA request. Both sender’s and addressee’s addresses of each embedded request equal to the corresponding addresses of the original Batch DPA request. It is not allowed to embed Batch command itself within series of individual DPA requests. Using neither Run discovery is not allowed inside batch command list. Batch command is useful not only to group commands but also to execute the synchronous command(s) asynchronously (after the Batch response is sent).
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 … |
n |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x05 |
? |
DPA Requests |
0 |
DPA Requests Contains more DPA requests to be executed. The format at which the DPA requests are stored is the same as the format of Autoexec DPA requests. See Autoexec for more information.
Example
The following example runs a simple broadcast set of 5 DPA requests. It switches on the red LED at devices with HW profile ID 0x1234 or green LED at devices with HW profile ID 0x5678 respectively, then waits for 200 ms (using I/O peripheral) and finally switches the same LEDs off.
NADR=0x00FF, PNUM=0x02,
PCMD=0x05, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData=
[1st command] {0x05(length), 0x06(PNUM=LEDR), 0x01(PCMD=LED
on),
0x1234(HWPID)},
[2nd command] {0x05(length), 0x07(PNUM=LEDG), 0x01(PCMD=LED
on),
0x5678(HWPID)},
[3rd command] {0x08(length), 0x09(PNUM=I/O), 0x01(PCMD=Set),0xFFFF(HWPID),0xFF(Delay
command),0x00C8(200
ms)}
[4th command] {0x05(length), 0x06(PNUM=LEDR), 0x00(PCMD=LED
off),0x1234HWPID)},
[5th command] {0x05(length), 0x07(PNUM=LEDG), 0x00(PCMD=LED
off),0x5678HWPID)},
{0x00(end of
batch)}
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.4.12 LoadCode
[sync] [comdown] Implemented at [C] and [N] devices. This advanced command loads a code previously stored at external EEPROM to the MCU Flash memory. Then the device is reset. External EEPROM can actually store more code images at one time. When storing the code for upload at the external EEPROM make sure you do not overwrite another stored code, Autoexec or IO Setup.
Please note, that there might be a considerable delay before a response is ready because the command needs to read a larger amount of external EEPROM memory and compute the checksum.
The command can load two types of code:
1. Custom DPA Handler code from the .hex file.
Custom DPA Handler code (but not the optional content of EEPROM
and/or external EEPROM required by the handler) can be uploaded,
updated or just “switched” “over the air” without the need to
reprogram the device using a hardware programmer.
It is necessary to read output .hex file containing compiled Custom
DPA Handler code to obtain the code before it can be stored as an
image at external EEPROM. The continuous code block starts from the
PIC address CUSTOM_HANDLER_ADDRESS
= 0x3A20 and is located up to
address CUSTOM_HANDLER_ADDRESS_END
- 1 = 0x3D7F. Because each MCU
instruction takes 2 bytes the address inside .hex file is doubled so the
code starts from address 0x7440 at the .hex file. Please
read Custom DPA Handler Code from .hex File
for more details.
The length of the image stored in the external EEPROM must be a multiple of 64 (used Flash memory page of MCU is 32 words long) otherwise the result is undefined. The checksum value is calculated from all the code bytes including unused trailing bytes that fill in last 64-byte block. We recommend filling in unused trailing bytes by value 0x34FF in order to get the same checksum value as IQRF IDE. The initial value of the Fletcher-16 checksum is 0x0001.
If loaded Custom DPA Handler code needs to use the certain content of EEPROM and/or external EEEPROM memory, then EEPROM and/or EEEPROM peripherals can be used to prepare the content before the handler is loaded. Disabling former Custom DPA Handler using Write HWP configuration byte (configuration byte at index 0x5, bit 0) and Restart is highly recommended (both commands might be the content of one Batch or Acknowledged broadcast - bits) if old or a new handler use EEPROM and/or EEEPROMperipherals. After new handler is loaded it must be then enabled back.
2. IQRF plug-in containing DPA protocol implementation (to perform DPA version change on the fly), Custom DPA Handler or IQRF OS patch. The feature is supported starting from IQRF OS version 3.08D and the corresponding DPA version.
IQRF plug-in file is a text file containing an encrypted code. Only
lines of the file that do not start with character # contain the
code. Such lines contain 20 bytes stored by 2 hexadecimal
characters (thus every line contains 40 characters in total). To
create a code image for the external EEPROM from IQRF plug-in file
just read all the consequential hexadecimal bytes from all code
lines from the beginning to end of the file, convert them to the
real bytes and store them in the external EEPROM.
The length of the image stored in the external EEPROM must be multiple of 20. The initial value of the Fletcher-16 checksum is 0x0003.
Please note that only DPA IQRF plug-in version 2.26 or higher can
be loaded.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 … 2 |
3 … 4 |
5 … 6 |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x0A |
? |
Flags |
Address |
Length |
CheckSum |
Flags bit 0 Action:
0 Computes and matches the checksum only without loading code.
1 Same as above plus loads the code into Flash if the checksum matches.
bit 1 Code type:
0 Loads Custom DPA Handler.
1 Loads IQRF plug-in.
bits 2-7 Reserved, must equal to 0.
Address A physical address at external EEPROM memory to load the code image from. The address value is recommended to be a multiple of 64 because it allows more effective writingthe code image to the memory.
Length Length of the code image in bytes at the external EEPROM. See text above.
CheckSum One’s complement Fletcher-16 checksum of the code image. If the checksum does not match a checksum of the code stored in external EEPROM then writing the code to the Flash memory is not performed. See source code examples of the checksum calculation. For an initial checksum value see text above. Different initial checksum values for both types of upload code ensure that code types cannot by confused.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x02 |
0x8A |
? |
0 |
? |
Result |
Result
bit 0 1 The checksum matches a
checksum of a code at the external EEPROM.
The code will be loaded if Flags.0=1 was
specified at the request.
0 The checksum does not match.
bit 1-7 Unused, equals to 0.
3.4.12.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Flags;
uns16 Address;
uns16 Length;
uns16 CheckSum;
} TPerOSLoadCode_Request;
TPerOSLoadCode_Request _DpaMessage.TPerOSLoadCode_Request;
PNUM = 0x03
This peripheral controls internal MCU EEPROM memory.
3.5.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EEPROM
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE
Par1 Size in bytes. In the current version of DPA equals to 192 at [N] device or 64 at [C] .
Par2 Maximum data block length. In the current version of DPA equals to 55 bytes.
Actual EEPROM address space starts at address 0x00 at [N] device or at 0x80 at [C] devices. There is a predefined symbol PERIPHERAL_EEPROM_START that equals to the actual starting address.
3.5.2 Read
Reads data from the memory.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
|
NADR |
0x03 |
0x00 |
? |
Address |
Len |
Address An address to read data from.
Len Length of the data in bytes.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
… |
Len-1 |
|
NADR |
0x03 |
0x80 |
? |
0 |
? |
PData0 |
… |
PDataLen-1 |
Len
Read data length.
Error codes
ERROR_ADDR Address is out of range.
3.5.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Address;
union
{
struct
{
uns8 Length;
} Read;
} ReadWrite;
} TPerMemoryRequest;
TPerMemoryRequest _DpaMessage.MemoryRequest;
3.5.3 Write
Writes data to the memory.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
… |
n+1 |
|
NADR |
0x03 |
0x01 |
? |
Address |
PData0 |
… |
PDatan-1 |
Address An address to write data to.
PData Actual data to be written to the memory.
n Written data length.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
Error codes
ERROR_ADDR Address is out of range.
3.5.3.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Address;
union
{
#define MEMORY_WRITE_REQUEST_OVERHEAD ( sizeof( uns8 ) )
struct
{
uns8 PData[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH - MEMORY_WRITE_REQUEST_OVERHEAD];
} Write;
} ReadWrite;
} TPerMemoryRequest;
TPerMemoryRequest _DpaMessage.MemoryRequest;
PNUM = 0x04
This peripheral controls external serial EEPROM memory. If the external serial EEPROM memory is not present ERROR_FAIL code is returned. Please note that the part of the external EEPROM memory space can be used for Autoexec and/or IO Setup.
3.6.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_BLOCK_EEPROM
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE
Par1 Memory size in 256 bytes blocks. In the current version of DPA, it equals to 0x80.
Par2 Data block size (equals to 16). The parameter is used by Read & Writecommands.
3.6.2 Extended Read
This command allows reading data from the whole physical address space of the external EEPROM.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 … 1 |
2 |
|
NADR |
0x04 |
0x02 |
? |
Address |
Len |
Address A physical address to read data from.
Len Length of the data to read in bytes. Allowed range is 0-54 bytes. Reading behind maximum address range is undefined.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
… |
Len-1 |
|
NADR |
0x04 |
0x82 |
? |
0 |
? |
PData0 |
… |
PDataLen-1 |
Len
Read data length.
Error codes
ERROR_ADDR Address is out of range.
ERROR_FAIL Error accessing serial EEPROM chip.
3.6.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns16 Address;
union
{
struct
{
uns8 Length;
} Read;
} ReadWrite;
} STRUCTATTR TPerXMemoryRequest;
TPerXMemoryRequest _DpaMessage.XMemoryRequest;
3.6.3 Extended Write
This command allows writing data to the address space of the external EEPROM.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 … 1 |
2 |
… |
n+2 |
|
NADR |
0x04 |
0x03 |
? |
Address |
Data0 |
… |
Datan-1 |
Address The allowed address range is 0x0000-0x3FFF.
Data Actual data to be written to the memory.
n Length of the data to write in bytes. Allowed range is 1-54 bytes. Writing to multiple adjacent 64-byte pages of the EEPROM chip or behind maximum address range by one extended write command is unsupported and undefined. Please see IQRF OS documentation for eeeWriteData function details.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
Error codes
ERROR_ADDR Address is out of range.
ERROR_FAIL Error accessing serial EEPROM chip.
3.6.3.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns16 Address;
union
{
#define XMEMORY_WRITE_REQUEST_OVERHEAD ( sizeof( uns16 ) )
struct
{
uns8 PData[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH - XMEMORY_WRITE_REQUEST_OVERHEAD];
} Write;
} ReadWrite;
} STRUCTATTR TPerXMemoryRequest;
TPerXMemoryRequest _DpaMessage.XMemoryRequest;
PNUM = 0x05
This peripheral controls block of internal MCU RAM memory. The address space of the peripheral occupies the whole bank 12 of the MCU RAM and can be accessed by an array variable PeripheralRam from Custom DPA Handler code.
3.7.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_RAM
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE
Par1 Size in bytes. In the current version of DPA equals to 48.
Par2 Maximum data block length. In the current version of DPA equals to 48.
3.7.2 Read & Write
See EEPROM.
3.7.2.1 Source code support
#pragma rambank = 12
uns8 PeripheralRam[PERIPHERAL_RAM_LENGTH];
PNUM = 0x08
The peripheral is not available at the Coordinator [C] device. The peripheral is not available at [N] devices supporting UART interface too.
The usage of the peripheral is limited at LP mode because the device regularly sleeps in its main receiving loop. The peripheral works only when the device does not sleep or during a time defined by a ReadTimeout parameter of a Write & Read command. Please see details below.
3.8.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_SPI
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE
Par1 Maximum data block length
Par2 Not used
3.8.2 Write & Read
Writes and/or reads data to/from SPI peripheral. See UART Write & Read which uses the same read & write logic except PNUM = 0x08 and PCMD = 0x00.
PNUM = 0x06 or 0x07 for standard red respectively green LED at IQRF (DC)TR module.
Please note that at LP mode the device regularly enters a sleep mode when waiting for a packet so the LED is switched off. To keep LED on for some time use LED request together with IO Set request with a delay. Both requests can be stored in one Batch request so the packet will not be received after the LED command.
3.9.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_LED
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE
Par1 LED_COLOR_*where * specifies one of the predefined color constant.
Par2 Not used
3.9.2 Set
Controls the state of the LED peripheral.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x06 or 0x07 |
OnOff |
? |
OnOff 0x01 to switch LED on, 0x00 to switch LED off
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.9.3 Get
Returns a state of the LED.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x06 or 0x07 |
0x02 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x06 or 0x07 |
0x82 |
? |
0 |
? |
OnOff |
OnOff 0x01 when LED is on, 0x00 when LED is off
3.9.4 Pulse
Generates one LED pulse using IQRF OS function pulseLEDx.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x06 or 0x07 |
3 |
? |
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
PNUM = 0x09
This peripheral controls IO pins of the MCU. Please note that the pins used by an internal IQRF (DC)TR module circuitry cannot be used and their control by this peripheral is blocked. See a corresponding IQRF (DC)TR module datasheet for the IO pins that are available.
3.10.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_IO
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE
Par1 Bitmask specifying supported MCU ports (b0=PORTA, b1=PORTB, …, b7=PORTH)
Par2 Not used
3.10.2 Direction
This command sets the direction of the individual IO pins of the individual ports. Additionally, the same command can be used to setup weak pull-ups at the pins where available. See datasheet of the PIC MCU for a description of IO ports.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
2 |
… |
n × 3 |
n × 3 + 1 |
n × 3 + 2 |
|
NADR |
0x09 |
0x00 |
? |
Port0 |
Mask0 |
Value0 |
… |
Portn |
Maskn |
Valuen |
Port a. Specifies port to setup a direction to. 0x00=TRISA, 0x01=TRISB, …(predefined symbols PNUM_IO_TRISx) or
b. Specifies port to setup a pull-up. 0x11=WPUB, 0x14=WPUE (predefined symbols PNUM_IO_WPUx)
Mask Masks pins of the port.
Value a. Actual direction bits for the masked pins. 0=output, 1=input., … or
b. Pull-up state. 0=disabled, 1=enabled.
Error codes
ERROR_DATA Invalid Port value.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.10.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Port;
uns8 Mask;
uns8 Value;
} TPerIOTriplet;
typedef union
{
TPerIOTriplet Triplets[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH / sizeof( TPerIOTriplet )];
} TPerIoDirectionAndSet_Request;
TPerIoDirectionAndSet_Request _DpaMessage.PerIoDirectionAndSet_Request;
3.10.3 Set
[sync] This command sets the output state of the IO pins. It also allows inserting an active waiting delay between IO pins settings. This feature can be used to generate an arbitrary time defined signals on the IO pins of the MCU. During the active waiting, the device is blocked and any network traffic will not be processed.
This command is executed after the DPA response is sent back to the device that sent the original DPA IO Set request. Therefore, if an invalid port is specified an error code is not returned inside DPA response but the rest of the request execution is skipped.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
2 |
… |
n × 3 |
n × 3 + 1 |
n × 3 + 2 |
|
NADR |
0x09 |
0x01 |
? |
command0 |
… |
commandn |
||||
triple There are 2 types of 3-byte commands allowed:
a. Setting an output value
port Specifies the port to setup an output state. 0=PORTA, 1=PORTB, … (predefined symbols PNUM_IO_PORTx)
mask Masks pins of the port to setup.
value Actual output bit value for the masked pins.
b. Delay
0xFF Specifies a delay command (predefined symbol PNUM_IO_DELAY).
delayL Lower byte of the 2-byte delay value, unit is 1 ms.
delayH Higher byte of the 2-byte delay value, unit is 1 ms.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
Example 1
Setting of PORTA.0 and PORTC.2 as output, PORTC.3 as input.
· Request
NADR=0x0001, PNUM=0x09, PCMD=0x00, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={0x00(PORTA), 0x01(bit0=1), 0x00(bit0=output)} {0x02(PORTC), 0x0C(bit2=1, bit3=1), 0x08(bit2=output, bit3=input)}
· Response
NADR=0x0001, PNUM=0x09, PCMD=0x80, HWPID=0xABCD, PData={00}(No error), {0x07}(DPA Value)
Example 2
Setting of PORTA.0=1, PORTC.2=1, then wait for 300 ms, set PORTA.0=0.
· Request
NADR=0x0001, PNUM=0x09, PCMD=0x01, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={0x00(PORTA), 0x01(bit0=1), 0x01(bit0=1)} {0x02(PORTC), 0x04(bit2=1), 0x04(bit2=1)} {0xFF(delay), 0x2C (low byte of 300), 0x01(high byte of 300)} {0x00(PORTA), 0x01(bit0=1), 0x00(bit0=0)}
· Response
NADR=0x0001, PNUM=0x09, PCMD=0x81, HWPID=0xABCD, PData={00}(No error), {0x07}(DPA Value)
3.10.3.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Port;
uns8 Mask;
uns8 Value;
} TPerIOTriplet;
typedef struct
{
uns8 Header; // == PNUM_IO_DELAY
uns16 Delay;
} TPerIODelay;
typedef union
{
TPerIOTriplet Triplets[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH / sizeof( TPerIOTriplet )];
TPerIODelay Delays[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH / sizeof( TPerIODelay )];
} TPerIoDirectionAndSet_Request;
TPerIoDirectionAndSet_Request _DpaMessage.PerIoDirectionAndSet_Request;
3.10.4 Get
This command is used to read the input state of all supported the MCU ports (PORTx).
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x09 |
0x02 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 … n |
|
NADR |
0x09 |
0x82 |
? |
0 |
? |
Port data |
Port data Array of bytes representing the state of port PORTA, PORTB, …, ending with the last supported MCU port.
PNUM = 0x0A for standard on-board thermometer peripheral
3.11.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_THERMOMETER
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_READ
Par1 Not used
Par2 Not used
3.11.2 Read
Reads on-board thermometer sensor value.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x0A |
0x00 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
1 |
2 |
|
NADR |
0x0A |
0x80 |
? |
0 |
? |
TempC |
Temp16 |
|
TempC
Temperature in °C, integer part, not rounded.
See return value of getTemperature IQRF OS function. If the
temperature sensor is not installed (see HWP
Configuration) then the returned
value is 0x80 = -128 °C.
Temp16
Complete 12 bit value of the temperature in 0.5 °C.
See getTemperature IQRF OS function. If the temperature
sensor is not installed the value is undefined.
3.11.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 IntegerValue;
uns16 SixteenthValue;
} TPerThermometerRead_Response;
TPerThermometerRead_Response _DpaMessage.PerThermometerRead_Response;
PNUM = 0x0B for standard MCU PWM peripheral
The peripheral is available at Demo version, STD mode and at the [N] device only. The source code of the demo version implementation of the PWM peripheral is available among custom DPA handler examples. See CustomDpaHandler-UserPeripheral-PWM.c.
3.12.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_PWM
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_WRITE
Par1 Not used
Par2 Not used
3.12.2 Set
Sets PWM parameters.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 |
2 |
|
NADR |
0x0B |
0x00 |
? |
Prescaler |
Period |
Duty |
Prescaler bit <1:0> codes prescaler values at CCP6CON register:
• 11 = prescaler is 64
• 10 = prescaler is 16
• 01 = prescaler is 4
• 00 = prescaler is 1
bit <5:4> codes two least significant bits of 10bit Duty cycle <1:0>.
Period Sets the PR6 register for PWM period.
Duty Eight most significant bits of 10bit duty cycle value <9:2>. It sets the CCPR6 register.
When all 3 parameters equal to 0, PWM is stopped.
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
Error codes
ERROR_DATA Invalid Prescaler value.
Example 1
Set PWM for 1 kHz with 50% of duty cycle and prescaler 16:
· DPA request (master > slave)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0B, PCMD=0x00, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={0x02,0x7d,0x40}
· DPA response (slave > master)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0B, PCMD=0x80, HWPID=0xABCD, PData={0x00}(No error)
Example 2
Set PWM for 1 kHz with 70% of duty cycle and prescaler 16:
Note: prescaler value is 0x02 = 0b00000010, but the duty cycle value is in this case 0x15E = 0b101011110, the bits<1:0> (0b101011110) are added into Prescaler value (0b00100010 = 0x22) to bits <5:4> and the seven most significant bits (0b101011110) are written into Duty (0b1010111 = 0x57).
· DPA request (master > slave)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0B, PCMD=0x00, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={0x22,0x7d,0x57}
· DPA response (slave > master)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0B, PCMD=0x80, HWPID=0xABCD, PData={0x00}(No error)
3.12.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 Prescaler;
uns8 Period;
uns8 Duty;
} TPerPwmSet_Request;
TPerPwmSet_Request _DpaMessage.PerPwmSet_Request;
PNUM = 0x0C for standard UART peripheral
The peripheral is not available at the Coordinator [C]. The peripheral is not available at [N] devices supporting UART interface.
The usage of the peripheral is limited at LP mode because the device regularly sleeps in its main receiving loop. The peripheral works only when the device does not sleep or during a time defined by a ReadTimeout parameter of a Write & Read command. Please see details below.
3.13.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_UART
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_READ_WRITE
Par1 Maximum data block length for reading and writing. Currently, it equals to 55 bytes.
Par2 Not used
3.13.2 Open
This command opens UART peripheral at specified baud rate (predefined symbols DpaBaud_xxx can be used in the code) and discards internal read and write buffers. The size of the read and write buffers is 64 bytes.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x0C |
0x00 |
? |
BaudRate |
BaudRate specifies baud rate:
· 0x00 1 200 baud
· 0x01 2 400 baud
· 0x02 4 800 baud
· 0x03 9 600 baud
· 0x04 19 200 baud
· 0x05 38 400 baud
· 0x06 57 600 baud
· 0x07 115 200 baud
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
Error codes
ERROR_DATA Invalid BaudRate value.
Example 1
Open UART for communication with 9 600 baud rate:
·
DPA request
(master > slave)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0C,
PCMD=0x00, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={0x03}(9 600
baud)
·
DPA response
(slave > master)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0C,
PCMD=0x80, HWPID=0xABCD, PData={0x00}(No
error)
3.13.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 BaudRate;
} TPerUartOpen_Request;
TPerUartOpen_Request _DpaMessage.PerUartOpen_Request;
3.13.3 Close
Closes UART peripheral.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x0C |
0x01 |
? |
Response
The general response to writing request with STATUS_NO_ERROR Error code.
3.13.4 Write & Read
Writes and/or reads data to/from UART peripheral. If UART is not open, the request fails with ERROR_FAIL.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 … n |
|
NADR |
0x0C |
0x02 |
? |
ReadTimeout |
WrittenData |
ReadTimeout Specifies timeout in 10 ms unit to wait for data to be read from UART after data is (optionally) written. 0xff specifies that no data should be read.
WrittenData Optional data to be written to the UART
n Number of bytes to be written.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 … n-1 |
|
NADR |
0x0C |
0x82 |
? |
0 |
? |
ReadData |
ReadData Optional data read from UART if the reading was requested and data is available.
n
Number of bytes that was read.
Please note that internal buffer limits a maximum number of bytes
to PERIPHERAL_UART_MAX_DATA_LENGTH.
Error codes
ERROR_FAIL UART peripheral is not open.
Example 1
Write three bytes (0x00, 0x01 and 0x02) to UART, no reading:
·
DPA request
(master > slave)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0C,
PCMD=0x02, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={0xff}(No
reading) {0x00,0x01,0x02}(written data)
·
DPA response
(slave > master)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0C,
PCMD=0x82, HWPID=0xABCD, PData={0x00}(No
error)
Example 2
Write three bytes (0x00, 0x01 and 0x02) to UART, read 4 bytes after 10 ms:
·
DPA request
(master > slave)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0C,
PCMD=0x02, HWPID=0xFFFF, PData={0x01}(10 ms
timeout) {0x00,0x01,0x02}(written data)
· DPA response (slave > master)
NADR=0x0000, PNUM=0x0C, PCMD=0x82, HWPID=0xABCD,
PData={0x00}(No error){0xaa,0xbb,x0cc,0xdd}(read data)
3.13.4.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 ReadTimeout;
uns8 WrittenData[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH - sizeof( uns8 )];
} TPerUartSpiWriteRead_Request;
TPerUartSpiWriteRead_Request _DpaMessage.PerUartSpiWriteRead_Request;
PNUM = 0x0D for standard FRC peripheral.
The peripheral is implemented at the [C] devices only.
3.14.1 Peripheral information
PerT PERIPHERAL_TYPE_FRC
PerTE PERIPHERAL_TYPE_READ_WRITE
Par1 Length of FRC data returned by Send command.
Par2 Not used
3.14.2 Send
This command starts Fast Response Command (FRC) process supported by IQRF OS. It allows quickly and using only one request to collect the same type of information (data length) from multiple nodes in the network. Type of the collected information is specified by a byte called FRC command. Currently, IQRF OS allows collecting either 2 bits from all (up to 239) nodes, 1 byte from up to 63 nodes (having logical addresses 1-63) or 2 bytes from up to 31 nodes (having logical addresses 1-31). Type of collected data is specified by FRC command value:
|
Type of collected data |
FRC Command interval |
Reserved interval |
|
|
2 bits |
0x00 – 0x7F |
0x00 – 0x3F |
0x40 – 0x7F |
|
1 byte |
0x80 – 0xDF |
0x80 – 0xBF |
0xC0 – 0xDF |
|
2 bytes |
0xE0 – 0xFF |
0xE0 – 0xEF |
0xF0 – 0xFF |
When 2 bits are collected, then the 1st bits from the nodes are stored in the bytes of index 0-29 of the output buffer, 2nd bits from the nodes are stored in the bytes of index 32-61.
When 1 byte is collected then bytes from each node (1-63) are stored in bytes 1-63 of the output buffer.
When 2 bytes are collected then byte pairs for each node (1-31) are stored in bytes 2-63 of the output buffer.
For more information see IQRF OS manuals. If the node does not return an FRC value for some reason, then either returned bits or bytes are equal to 0. This is why it is necessary to code the zero return value into a non-zero one.
The time when the response is delivered depends on the type of the FRC command and used RF mode. Consult IQRF OS guides for the response time calculation.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 … n |
|
NADR |
0x0D |
0x00 |
? |
FRC Command |
UserData |
FRC Command Specifies data to be collected.
UserData User data that are available at IQRF OS array variable DataOutBeforeResponseFRC at FRC Value event. The length n is from 2 to 30 bytes.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
1 … n |
|
NADR |
0x0D |
0x80 |
? |
0 |
? |
Status |
FRC data |
Status Return code of the sendFRC IQRF OS function. See IQRF OS documentation for more information.
FRC data Data collected from the nodes. Because the current version of DPA cannot transfer the whole FRC output buffer at once (currently only up to 55 bytes), the remaining bytes of the buffer can be read by the next described Extra result command.
3.14.2.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 FrcCommand;
uns8 UserData[30];
} TPerFrcSend_Request;
TPerFrcSend_Request _DpaMessage.PerFrcSend_Request;
typedef struct
{
uns8 Status;
uns8 FrcData[DPA_MAX_DATA_LENGTH - sizeof( uns8 )];
} TPerFrcSend_Response;
TPerFrcSend_Response _DpaMessage.PerFrcSend_Response;
3.14.3 Extra result
Reads remaining bytes of the FRC result, so the total number of bytes obtained by both commands will be total 64. It is needed to call this command immediately after the FRC Send command to preserve previously collected FRC data.
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
|
NADR |
0x0D |
0x01 |
? |
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 … n |
|
NADR |
0x0D |
0x81 |
? |
0 |
? |
FRC data |
FRC data Remaining FRC data that could not be read by FRC Send command because DPA data buffer size limitations.
3.14.4 Send Selective
Similar to Send but allows to specify a set of nodes that will receive the FRC command and return FRC data. Together with Acknowledged broadcast - bits it can be then used to execute DPA request at selected nodes only and get the confirmation plus one data bit from selected nodes. Both request and response have the same structure as Send except SelectedNodes field. Also, the length of UserData field is limited to 25 bytes. When 1 byte or 2 bytes are collected then results from all selected nodes are adjacent, so there are no gaps filled with 0s for unselected nodes (unlike Send command).
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 … 30 |
31 … n |
|
NADR |
0x0D |
0x02 |
? |
FRC Command |
SelectedNodes |
UserData |
FRC Command Specifies data to be collected.
SelectedNodes Specifies a bitmap with selected nodes. Bit1 of the 1st byte of the bitmap represents node with address 1, bit2 of the 1st byte of the bitmap represents node with address 2, …, bit7 of the 30th byte of the bitmaps represents nodes with address 239.
UserData User data that are available at IQRF OS array variable DataOutBeforeResponseFRC at FRC Value event. The length of data is from 2 to 25 bytes.
Response
See Send DPA response.
3.14.4.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 FrcCommand;
uns8 SelectedNodes[30];
uns8 UserData[25];
} TPerFrcSendSelective_Request;
TPerFrcSendSelective_Request _DpaMessage.PerFrcSendSelective_Request;
3.14.5 Set FRC Params
Request
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x0D |
0x03 |
? |
FRCresponseTime |
FRCresponseTime Value corresponding to one of the constants _FRC_RESPONSE_TIME_??_MS (see IQRF-macros.h) to set maximum time reserved for preparing return FRC value. See IQRF OS documentation for more details.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x0D |
0x83 |
? |
0 |
? |
FRCresponseTime |
FRCresponseTime Previous FRCresponseTime value.
3.14.5.1 Source code support
typedef struct
{
uns8 FRCresponseTime;
} TPerFrcSetParams_RequestResponse;
TPerFrcSetParams_RequestResponse _DpaMessage.PerFrcSetParams_RequestResponse;
3.14.6 Predefined FRC Commands
There are a few predefined FRC commands. The user can implement custom FRC command too. See User FRC Codes intervals for allowed custom FRC command values and FrcValue event.
All predefined FRC commands prepare returned FRC value within the shortest predefined FRC response time of 40 ms (corresponds to _FRC_RESPONSE_TIME_40_MS constant). Only in the case of Memory read and Memory read plus 1 commands the FRC response time depends on the DPA request that is specified by the user and executed before the FRC value is returned. Event FrcResponseTime is not implemented for predefined FRC commands, therefore, FRC response time returns 0xFF for them.
3.14.6.1 Prebonding
FRC_Prebonding = 0x00
Collects bits. Gives detail information about the state of pre-bonding. Bit 0 is 1 when a node is accessible; bit1 is 1 if the node provided pre-bonding to a new node. If bit 0 of the 1st user data byte sent with FRC command is set, the remote bonding at node device is also disabled. Subsequently, detail information can be read using Read remotely bonded module ID from the node.
3.14.6.2 UART or SPI data available
FRC_UART_SPI_data = 0x01
Collects bits. Bit 0 is 1 when a node is accessible; bit1 is 1 when there is some data available for reading from UART or SPI peripheral.
3.14.6.3 Acknowledged broadcast - bits
FRC_AcknowledgedBroadcastBits = 0x02
This command except for collecting bits allows executing DPA Request stored at FRC user data after the FRC result is sent back [sync]. When the Send Selective request is used, then the DPA request is executed at selected nodes only.
FCR user data has the following content. Please note that DPA does not check the correct content or length of FRC user data (except maximum FRC user data length 30 bytes).
|
0 |
1 |
2 |
3 … 4 |
5 … length - 1 |
|
Length |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
PData |
Length Total length of FRC user data containing the DPA Request.
PNUM Peripheral number of executing DPA Request at.
PCMD Peripheral command.
HWPID HWPD of the DPA Request.
PData Optional DPA Request Data.
DPA Request is executed only when HWPID matches the HWPID of the device or HWPID_DoNotCheckis specified. In this case, also, FrcValue event is raised to allow setting resulting Bit.1 by the user. The sender address of the embedded DPA request equals to 0x00 (coordinator address) and the addressee addresses is 0xFF (broadcast address).
Returned bits:
|
bit 0 |
bit 1 |
Description |
|
0 |
0 |
Node device did not respond to FRC at all. |
|
0 |
1 |
HWPID did not match HWPID of the device. |
|
1 |
x |
HWPID matches HWPID of the device. Bit.1 can be set by FrcValue event. At the end, DPA Request is executed. |
Exampleof FRC user data:
This example will pulse both LEDs after the FRC is collected. To pulse both LEDs by one request a Batch request is used to package individual 2 LED pulse requests into one request.
16{Length}, 2{PNUM=OS}, 5{PCMD=Batch}, 0xffff{HWPID}, [5{LED Request length},7{PNUM=LEDG},3{PCMD=PulseLED}, 0xffff{HWPID}, 5{ LED Request length },6{ PNUM=LEDR},3{ PCMD=PulseLED }, 0xffff{HWPID}, 0{End of Batch}] {PData=Batch PData}
3.14.6.4 Read temperature
FRC_Temperature = 0x80
Collects bytes. Resulting byte equals to the temperature value read by getTemperature IQRF OS method. If resulting temperature is 0°C, which would normally equal to value 0, then a fixed value 0x7F is returned instead. This value substitution makes it possible to distinguish between devices reporting 0°C and devices not reporting at all. The device would normally never return a temperature corresponding to the value 0x7F because +127°C is out of working temperature range.
3.14.6.5 Acknowledged broadcast - bytes
FRC_AcknowledgedBroadcastBytes = 0x81
Collects bytes. Resulting byte equals normally to the same temperature value as Read temperaturecommand, but if this FRC command is caught by FrcValue event and a nonzero value is stored at responseFRCvalue then this value is returned instead of temperature. FRC user data also stores DPA request to execute after data bytes are collected in the same way as Acknowledged broadcast - bits FRC command does.
3.14.6.6 Memory read
FRC_MemoryRead = 0x82
Collects bytes. A resulting byte is read from the specified memory address after provided DPA Request is executed. This allows getting one byte from any memory location (RAM, EEPROM and EEEPROM peripherals, Flash, MCU register, etc.). As the returned byte cannot equal to 0 there is also Memory read plus 1 FRC command available.
FCR user data has the following content. Please note that DPA does not check the correct content or length of FRC user data. A batch request is not allowed to be a DPA request being executed. Specified DPA Request is executed with an HWPID the node has.
|
0 … 1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 … 6 - Length |
|
Memory address |
PNUM |
PCMD |
Length |
PData |
Memory address Memory address to read the byte from.
PNUM Peripheral number of executing DPA Request at.
PCMD Peripheral command.
Length Length of the optional DPA Request data.
PData Optional DPA Request Data.
Example 1
This example reads OS version. OS Read DPA Request will be executed and then a byte from _DpaMessage.PerOSRead_Response.OsVersion variable (the request stores the result/response there) will be returned. The actual address of this byte is 0x4A4. See .h or .var files for details.
FRC command = FRC_MemoryRead = 0x82
Memory address = 0x4A4
PNUM = PNUM_OS = 0x02
CMD = CMD_OS_READ = 0x00
Length = 0 = No data bytes
PData none
Example 2
This example reads the value of IQRF OS lastRSSI variable. Dummy LED Get DPA Request will be executed and then a byte from lastRSSI variable will be returned. The actual address of this variable is 0x5B6. Open a generated .var file of any IQRF compiled project to find out an address of a system variable.
FRC command = FRC_MemoryRead = 0x82
Memory address = 0x5B6
PNUM = PNUM_LEDR = 0x06
CMD = CMD_LED_GET = 0x02
Length = 0 = No data bytes
PData none
Example 3
This example reads a lower byte of HWPID version from more nodes at once. Peripheral enumeration DPA Request is executed and result byte is read. Address 0x4A9 points to lower byte of HWPID. Use an address from range 0x4A7 to 0x4AA to read any byte of HWPID or HWPID version respectively.
FRC command = FRC_MemoryRead = 0x82
Memory address = 0x4A9
PNUM = PNUM_ENUMERATION = 0xFF
CMD = CMD_GET_PER_INFO = 0x3F
Length = 0 = No data bytes
PData none
3.14.6.7 Memory read plus 1
FRC_MemoryReadPlus1 = 0x83
Same as Memory read but 1 is added to the returned byte in order to prevent returning 0. This means that this FRC command cannot return 0xFF value.
Example 1
This example returns byte+1 being read from EEPROM peripheral at address 3. EEPROM Read DPA request will be executed and then a byte from _DpaMessage.Response.PData[0] (the request stores the result/response there) will be returned. The actual address of this byte is 0x4A0. See .h or .var files for details.
FRC command = FRC_MemoryReadPlus1 = 0x83
Memory address = 0x4A0
PNUM = PNUM_EEPROM = 0x03
CMD = CMD_EEPROM_READ = 0x00
Length = 2 = Two data bytes
PData[0] = 3 = Read from EEPROM address 3
PData[1] = 1 = Read one byte from EEPROM
3.14.6.8 FRC response time
FRC_FrcResponseTime = 0x84
Collects bytes. This predefined FRC command is used to find out FRC response time of the specified user FRC command. This is useful when a network consists of devices with different hardware profiles implementing the same user FRC command but a different way that might result in different FRC response times. In this case, it is necessary to specify the maximum FRC response time that has any node from the set of nodes that will receive the specified FRC command. This FRC command actually raises FrcResponseTime event where a user code returns the time. The returned time value equals to the value of the corresponding _FRC_RESPONSE_TIME_??_MS constant (see IQRF-macros.h) with the lowest bit set (internally by DPA) in order to prevent returning zero value. If the specified FRC command is not supported (i.e. FrcResponseTime event is not handled) returned value is 0xFF.
FRC user data has the following format:
|
0 |
1 |
|
FRCcommand |
0 |
FRCcommand Value of the user FRC command to read FRC response time of.
HWP (hardware profile) configuration is stored in the MCU Flash memory. It is necessary to correctly configure the device before DPA is used for the first time. The configuration can be modified by IQRF IDE using SPI or RFPGM programming, by DPA Service Mode or by Read HWP configuration/Write HWP configuration/Write HWP configuration byte commands. There are predefined symbols CFGIND_??? having the address of each configuration item.
The following table depicts documented configuration items. Other items are reserved. The total size of the configuration block is 32 bytes.
|
Address |
Description |
|
0x00 |
The checksum of HWP Configuration block. See Write HWP configuration for details. |
|
0x01 [**] |
An array of 32 bits. Each bit enables/disables one of the standard 32 predefined peripherals. Peripheral #0 (Coordinator) is controlled by bit 0.0, peripheral #31 (currently not used, but reserved) is controlled by bit 3.7. It does not make sense to enable the peripheral that is not implemented in the currently used device (see Peripheral enumeration). |
|
0x02 [**] |
|
|
0x03 [**] |
|
|
0x04 [**] |
|
|
0x05 [*] |
DPA configuration bits: |
|
bit 0 |
If set, then a Custom DPA handler is called in case of an event. The handler can define user peripherals, handle messages to standard peripherals and add special user defined device behavior. If set and the Custom DPA handler is not detected the device indicates an error state. Find more information at Custom DPA handler chapter. |
|
bit 1 |
If set, then Node device can be controlled by a local interface. In this case, the same peripheral must not be enabled. This option is not valid for a main network coordinator device [C] and is not supported in LP mode at [N] devices. |
|
bit 2 |
If set, then DPA Autoexec is run at a later stage of the module boot time. |
|
bit 3 |
If set, then the Node device does not route packets on the background. |
|
bit 4 |
If set, then DPA IO Setup is run at an early stage of the module boot time. |
|
bit 5 |
If set, then device receives also peer-to-peer (non-networking) packets and raises PeerToPeer event. |
|
bits 6-7 |
Reserved |
|
0x06 |
Main RF channel A of the optional subordinate network in case the node also plays a role of the coordinator of such network. Valid numbers depend on used RF band. |
|
0x07 |
Same as above but second B channel. |
|
0x08 [*] |
RF output power. Valid numbers 0-7. |
|
0x09 [*] |
RF signal filter. Valid numbers 0-64. |
|
0x0A [*] |
Timeout for receiving RF packets at LP mode at N device. The unit is cycles (one cycle is 46 ms at LP mode). Greater values save energy but might decrease responsiveness to the master interface DPA Requests and also decrease Idle event calling frequency. Valid numbers are 1-255. See also API variable LP_toutRF. |
|
0x0B [*] |
Baud rate of the UART interface if one is used. Uses the same baud rate coding as UART Open (i.e. 0x00 = 1 200 baud) |
|
0x0C |
A nonzero value specifies an alternative DPA service mode channel. |
|
0x11 [***] |
Main RF channel A of the main network. Valid numbers depend on used RF band. |
|
0x12 |
Same as above but second B channel. |
[*] The device must be restarted for configuration item change to take effect.
[**] Same as [*] but only in case of SPI and UART standard peripheral bits.
[***] The [C] or [N] device must be restarted for configuration item change to take effect.
When device (1)
boots it first optionally goes into (2) RFPGM mode supposed
this mode is (enabled) configured on the OS tab of the TR
Configuration dialog box at IQRF IDE. RFPGM mode is indicated by a
repeated long green LED light followed by short red LED flash.
RFPGM mode is terminated depending on its configuration. RFPGM mode
is fully controlled by IQRF OS.
Next (3) IO Setup is executed if one is enabled.
At the very beginning, it is possible to remotely start the device at so-called (4) DPA Service Mode (DSM). A special tool e.g. CATS - DPA Service Tool from IQRF IDE is needed to do it. In the DPA Service Mode the device can be fully controlled by individual DPA commands regardless of the device configuration so it gives the possibility to update or fix a corrupted device configuration, find out its network address, (un)bond it, find out OS information, reprogram the device etc. DSMactivated API variable indicates whether DSM was started during device startup. Upon DSM exit, the device is always reset. The device first tries to establish DSM session at the fixed channel number 0* and then it tries an alternative channel optionally specified at HWP configuration. CATS - DPA Service Tool must be set to use the same required channel for the DSM session.
* Due to a local government regulation, devices operated in Israel are distributed with limitation for 916 MHz band and channels from 133 to 140 only. Therefore fixed DSM channel is set to 133. Furthermore DCTR-77Dx devices are technically limited by SAW filter for 868 MHz band and channels from 45 to 67, therefore fixed DSM channel is set to 45.
Brown-out Reset is disabled now. Then in the case of full DPA version comes (5) the check whether the device is IQRF Data Controlled Transceivers (DCTR). If this is not the case the device halts and both red and green LEDs flash rapidly. Now user interrupt is enabled so Interrupt event can be raised if any interrupt source is enabled from now on.
Bonding or unbonding phase being valid only for [N] devices comes next.
By default, a bonding or a bond removal (unbonding) at node side is initiated and controlled by a “default“ IQRF button connected between ground and PORTB.4 MCU pin which is normally available at IQRF development tools. The default behavior can be modified by an implementation of Reset event that is raised during bonding and/or unbonding phases.
Already bonded node can be (6) unbonded by the following procedure. Switch off the node. Keep pressed the button and switch on the node. Skip optional RFPGM mode depending on its configuration (typically pressed button terminates it). Keep the button pressed. Green LED is then on. After 2 seconds the green LED goes off. Release the button immediately within 0.5 s. Unbonding is then confirmed by red LED being on for 1 second and consequently by the rapid red flashes described above. Such complicated unbonding procedure is needed in order to prevent unwanted unbonding caused by accidental button press after the device is reset.
(7) If the node is not bonded then its red LED rapidly flashes (four times per second). Node waits for the button press. If the button is not pressed within 10s then the node goes into power saving sleep mode and red LED stops flashing. From the sleep mode, the node can be woken up by the button press. By pressing the button a bonding process is initiated. If the button is pressed the node continuously requests bonding (indicated by red LED). If the red LED becomes off and a green LED is lit when the button is still pressed then the node is bonded. If the red LED keeps flashing rapidly after the button is released then the node is not bonded yet and the whole bonding phase repeats.
At this point, [N] devices are bonded and ready to work. This is (8) indicated by a short red LED flash. If the device has a temporary network address (0xFE) obtained by remote bonding then the device flashes twice. Devices [C] perform one green LED flash instead when they are ready.
After that (9) Init event is raised and (10) Interface is started (in the case of [N] devices only when enabled at HWP Configuration).
Consequently, an (11) Autoexec is executed if one is enabled.
At (12) if the interface is enabled (always at [C] device) the device (being always interface slave) sends the following asynchronous “Reset” DPA response equal (except PCMD) to Peripheral enumeration response to the interface master. This time the response code is marked by the asynchronous bit STATUS_ASYNC_RESPONSE.
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
PData |
|
NADR |
0xFF |
0x3F |
? |
See DPA response of Peripheral enumeration |
Then the [C] device checks a presence of the connected interface master device during startup. If the data of the “Reset” response are not collected from the interface by the interface master within 100 ms then the device assumes that the interface master is not present. When interface master is not connected an extra green LED flash is carried out and API variable IFaceMasterNotConnected is set to 1.
If Autoexec feature is enabled at HWP Configuration, then a series of DPA requests can be executed at the boot time(after Init event) of the device. Both sender and addressee addresses of the requests are equal to 0xFC (local address). DPA requests are stored in the block at the external EEPROM starting from the physical address AUTOEXEC_EEEPROM_ADDR = 0x0000. The size of the block is 64 bytes. DPA requests are stored next to each other and are structured according to DPA protocol. There is one exception - a total size of the DPA request in bytes is stored in the place of a corresponding NADR (in this case, it is only 1 byte wide, not 2 bytes as normal NADR). 0x00 is stored after the very last DPA request to indicate the end of Autoexec batch. When executing DPA request a local interface notification is not performed although DPA via the interface is enabled. Other events at the user DPA routine are called as usual. It is not allowed to embed Batch within series of individual DPA requests.
Autoexec example:
The following example shows the bytes stored at the Autoexec external EEPROM memory space that will run these 4 actions upon the module reset:
1. Switch the green LED On (PNUM=0x07)
2. Open UART at 9 600 baud rate (PNUM=0x0C)
3. Write hex. bytes [01,02,03,04,05] to the UART (PNUM=0x0C)
4. Write hex. bytes [06,07,08,09,0a] to the RAM at address 0x0A (PNUM=0x05)
Actual bytes stored at serial EEPROM from address 0x0000:
Len PNUM PCMD HWPID PData
1. 0x05, 0x07, 0x01(LED On), 0xFFFF
2. 0x06, 0x0C, 0x00(UART open), 0xFFFF, 0x03(9 600 baud)
3. 0x0b, 0x0C, 0x02(UART write), 0xFFFF, 0xFF(no UART read), {0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05}(data)
4. 0x0b, 0x05, 0x01(RAM write), 0xFFFF, 0x0a(address), {0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a}(data)
5. 0x00(end of Autoexec)
C code to upload Autoexec example to the external EEPROM:
#define NO_CUSTOM_DPA_HANDLER
#include "IQRF.h"
#include "DPA.h"
#include "DPAcustomHandler.h"
#pragma cdata[ __EEESTART + AUTOEXEC_EEEPROM_ADDR ] = \
/* Len PNUM PCMD HWPID PData */ \
5, PNUM_LEDG, CMD_LED_SET_ON, 0xff, 0xff, \
6, PNUM_UART, CMD_UART_OPEN, 0xff, 0xff, DpaBaud_9600, \
11, PNUM_UART, CMD_UART_WRITE_READ, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, \
11, PNUM_RAM, CMD_RAM_WRITE, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0a, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, \
0
☼ See example code DpaAutoexec.c for more details.
IO Setup feature can be used to setup direction, pull-ups and value of individual IO pins of the MCU at the very beginning of the device startup. It is very similar to Autoexec except only DPA peripheral IO requests are executed in order to make sure the device will always enter DPA Service Mode that can be used to fix an incorrect behavior. Also every request must use HWPID equal to 0xFFFF (HWPID_DoNotCheck). IO Setup DPA requests likewise Autoexec ones are stored at external EEPROM memory but, in this case, starting from its physical address IOSETUP_EEEPROM_ADDR = 0x0040; the size of the block is 64 bytes (it is located just after Autoexec memory space).
IO Setup example:
The following example shows the bytes stored at the IO Setup external EEPROM memory space that will run these 2 commands upon the module reset:
1. Sets PORTB.7 (controls green LED) as output
2. Sets green LED on for 1s and then off for 1s
Actual bytes stored at serial EEPROM from address 0x0040:
Len PNUM PCMD HWPID PData
1. 0x08, 0x09, 0x00(IO Direction), 0xFFFF, {1,0x80,0x00}(B.7 = output),
2. 0x11, 0x09, 0x01(IO Set), 0xFFFF, {1,0x80,0x80}(B.7 = 1), {0xff,0xe8,0x03}(1s delay), {1,0x80,0x00}(B.7 = 0), {0xff,0xe8,0x03}(1s delay),
3. 0x00(end of IO Setup)
C code to upload IO Setup example to the external EEPROM:
#define NO_CUSTOM_DPA_HANDLER
#include "IQRF.h"
#include "DPA.h"
#include "DPAcustomHandler.h"
#pragma cdata[ __EEESTART + IOSETUP_EEEPROM_ADDR ] = \
8, PNUM_IO, CMD_IO_DIRECTION, 0xff, 0xff, \
PNUM_IO_TRISB, 0x80, 0x00, \
17, PNUM_IO, CMD_IO_SET, 0xff, 0xff, \
PNUM_IO_PORTB, 0x80, 0x80, \
PNUM_IO_DELAY, 0xe8, 0x03, \
PNUM_IO_PORTB, 0x80, 0x00, \
PNUM_IO_DELAY, 0xe8, 0x03, \
0
☼ See example code DpaIoSetup.c for more details.
Custom DPA handler is an optional user defined C language routine that can handle various events and thus implements user peripherals, handles standard peripherals, provides peripheral virtualization, adds internal device logic and much more. If the custom DPA handler is implemented it must be enabled in the HWP configuration in order to receive events.
If the Custom DPA handler is enabled in the HWP Configuration but it was not detected (see point 2. below) then device indicates an error by constant switching on the red LED and by returning ERROR_MISSING_CUSTOM_DPA_HANDLER error code to the every DPA request (except to request to OS peripheral, to request Get information for more peripherals and to all DPA requests at DPA service mode). In this case, the OS peripheral can be used to fix the problem (disable handler and restart the device or load missing handleralready stored in the external EEPROM).
Please respect the following rules when implementing Custom DPA handler:
1. Custom DPA handler must be the first C routine declared as bit CustomDpaHandler() in your code. It must be located at the fixed address CUSTOM_HANDLER_ADDRESS = 0x3A20 of the MCU Flash memory.
2. The very first instruction of the handler must be CLRWDT in order to indicate its presence. To do it just insert clrwdt(); statement right after the handler header. This statement/instruction is thus executed at the beginning of every event (except Interruptevent).
3. There is an 864 instruction long block in the MCU flash memory reserved for custom DPA handler in the current version of DPA. See CUSTOM_HANDLER_ADDRESS_END.
4. “cases:” for unhandled events do not have to be programmed to save memory space and make the code more readable. Please see Interrupt for an exception from this rule.
5. Variables, as well as function parameters, must be allocated in the standard RAM bank 11 only. The whole bank is available.
6. Variables can be also mapped to the RAM bank 12 that equals to the peripheral RAM memory space.
7. Do not use bufferRF, bufferCOM, and bufferAUX at all (except inside events Reset, Init, Idle, and DisableInterrupts). bufferAUX can be used at FrcValue event.
8. bufferINFO can be used inside events but not to carry data between events as its content can change. bufferINFO cannot be used at all when an event is raised during processing IO Set, FRC Send, Get Peripheral Info or FRC Extra result as these DPA requests use bufferINFO internally.
9. Also, do not use userReg0 and userReg1 variables unless you do not call any DPA API function.
10. DPA uses bits 0-1 of userStatus IQRF OS variable internally. Usage if other userStatus bits is reserved, therefore their future availability is not guaranteed.
11. Maintain the written code as much speed optimized as possible as the long time spent in the user code might negatively influence device behavior. Especially Interrupt and Idle events must be programmed extremely effectively.
12. Special attention must be paid to the implementation of an Interruptevent. See details in the dedicated chapter.
13. Do not use timer TMR6 at the coordinator only device [C]. Use DpaTicks being internally driven by TMR6 instead.
14. Do not use IQRF OS functions start[Long]Delay and waitDelay (except inside events Reset, Init, Idle, FrcValue and DisableInterrupts). Use waitMS or TMR6 (but not at [C] device) instead. Also, IQRF OS functions startCapture and captureTicks can be used for timing purposes. See IQRF OS documentation for existing side effects.
15. Sending and receiving packets by predefined DPA API functionsare allowed only at events Reset, Init, Idle, DisableInterrupts, PeerToPeer, and AfterRouting. It is required to keep same RF settings (see setTXpower, setRFspeed, setRFband, setRFchannel, setRFmode, set*mode, setNetworkFiltering*, setRouting*, etc. IQRF OS functions) that were set at the beginning of the event upon the event exit.
16. Do not modify the content of IQRF OS variables within event code. It is required to save their values and restore them at the event exit.
17.Starting from Init event an MCU watchdog timer with 4 s period is enabled. Do not change WDT settings. Also, make sure to call clrwdt() if needed in order to prevent WDT reset.
18.If possible, try to avoid executing MCU stack demanding complex requests (e.g. Discovery) from subroutines in order to prevent MCU stack overflow. Such overflow results in HW device reset.
Custom DPA handler can be optionally loaded “over the air” into the device. Please see LoadCode.
The typicalskeleton of the Custom DPA Handler looks like this (see CustomDpaHandler-Template.c source code example for a complete template):
// Default IQRF include
#include "IQRF.h"
// Uncomment to implement Custom DPA Handler for Coordinator
//#define COORDINATOR_CUSTOM_HANDLER
// Default DPA header
#include "DPA.h"
// Default Custom DPA Handler header
#include "DPAcustomHandler.h"
// Real Custom DPA Handler function
bit CustomDpaHandler ()
{
// Handler presence mark
clrwdt();
// Detect DPA event to handle
switch ( GetDpaEvent() )
{
case DpaEvent_Interrupt:
// …
return TRUE;
// Other events …
case DpaEvent_Idle:
// …
return FALSE;
case DpaEvent_DpaRequest:
if ( IsDpaEnumPeripheralsRequest() )
// Enumerate Peripherals
{
// …
return TRUE;
}
else if ( IsDpaPeripheralInfoRequest() )
// Get Peripheral Info
{
// …
return TRUE;
}
else
// Peripheral Request
{
// …
return TRUE;
}
}
}
// Default Custom DPA Handler header
// (2nd include to implement Code bumper to detect too long code of the handler)
#include "DPAcustomHandler.h"
The following pseudo-codes illustrate behavior and raising of events at different device types. A notation [Event] specifies that the Event is raised.
8.2.1 Coordinator
The pseudocode applies to [C] device. For details of the device startup see dedicated chapter.
if IO Setup enabled
Run IO Setup
DPA Service Mode
[Reset]
[Init]
if Autoexec enabled
Run Autoexec
Send Reset response to Interface
loop
if request packet received from Interface
if [IFaceReceive]
Return ERROR_IFACE_CUSTOM_HANDLER to Interface
else
if [C] is addressed
if not [ReceiveDpaRequest]
if standard peripheral
Execute standard request
else
Send response to Interface
Execute optional [sync] part of request
else
Wait for the previous routing timeout to finish
Send DPA Confirmation to Interface
Transmit request packet to the network
Set routing timeout to the real [C]>[N] plus optimistic [N]>[C] routing
if packet (typically response) received from the network
if not system packet
if not peer to peer packet
if not same DPA packet already received last time
if not [ReceiveDpaResponse]
Set routing timeout to remaining [N]>[C] routing
if [C] addressed
if not [ReceiveDpaRequest]
if standard peripheral
Execute standard request
else
Execute optional [sync] part of request
else
Send received packet to Interface
else
if peer to peer packet enabled
else
if remote bonding and not [AuthorizePreBonding]
Pre-bond node
else
[Idle]
endloop
8.2.2 Node
Pseudocode applies to [N] device. For details about details of the device startup, see dedicated chapter.
if IO Setup enabled
Run IO Setup
DPA Service Mode
if the node is bonded and not [Reset]
Default unbonding procedure
while the node is not bonded
ifnot [Reset]
Default bonding procedure
[Init]
if Autoexec enabled
Run Autoexec
Send Reset response to Interface
loop
if request packet received from the network
if not system packet
if not peer to peer packet
if not FRC request
if not [ReceiveDpaRequest]
if standard peripheral
Execute standard request
else
if packet was not broadcasted
Wait for [C]>[N] routing to finish
Transmit response back to network
if Interface enabled
Send notification to Interface
Wait for [C]>[N] routing to finish
Execute optional [sync] part of request
else
Wait for [C]>[N] routing to finish
if not predefined FRC command
[FrcValue]
Response FRC value
else
if peer to peer packet enabled
else
if remote bonding and not [AuthorizePreBonding]
Pre-bond node
else
[Idle]
if local request packet received from enabled Interface
if not [ReceiveDpaRequest]
if standard peripheral
Execute standard request
else
Send response back to Interface
Execute optional [sync] part of request
endloop
8.2.3 General events
Next chapters show pseudocodes illustrating the logic of raising general events at any device where the described event makes sense.
8.2.3.1 Interrupt
Interrupt event is raised whenever an MCU interrupt occurs.
if MCU interrupt
8.2.3.2 Disable Interrupts
Disable interrupts event is raised at Reset, Restart, and Run RFPGM commands.
if Run RFPGM
Device will reset or restart
8.2.3.3 Sleep Events
Sleep events (BeforeSleep and AfterSleep) are raised around precise Sleep command.
if Sleep
Execute sleep
Following paragraphs describe available events in more detail. Unless otherwise specified then the return value from the event does not matter. The code fragments are for the illustration purpose only. Please use the C code template and examples distributed with DPA package instead.
8.3.1 Interrupt
This event is not raised in demo version and at [C] devices. The event is called whenever an MCU interrupt occurs. Interrupt event might be blocked by IQRF OS during packet reception so the event might not be suitable for a high frequency and low jitter interrupts.
Please make sure the following rules are met when implementing Interrupt event:
1.
The time spent handling this event is critical.
If there is no interrupt to handle return immediately otherwise
keep the code as fast as possible.
Make sure the event is the 1st case in the main
switch statement at the handler routine. This ensures that
the event is handled as the 1st one.
It is desirable that this event is handled with an immediate
return even if it is not used by the custom handler because
the Interrupt event is raised on every MCU interrupt and the
“empty” return handler ensures the shortest possible
interrupt routine response time.
2. Only global variables or local ones marked by static keyword can be used to allow reentrancy.
3. Make sure race condition does not occur when accessing those variables at other places.
4. Make sure (inspect .lst file generated by C compiler) compiler does not create any hidden temporary local variable (occurs when using division, multiplication or bit shifts) at the event handler code. The name of such variable is usually Cnumbercnt.
5. Do not call any OS functions except setINDFx. Use direct reading by FSRx or INDFx registers instead of calling obsolete getINDFx IQRF OS function.
6. Do not use any OS variables especially for writing access.
7. All above rules apply also to any other function being called from the event handler code, although calling any function from Interrupt event is not recommended because of additional MCU stack usage that might result in stack overflow and HW device reset.
Example
case DpaEvent_Interrupt:
if( !TMR6IF
)
return TRUE;
TMR6IF = FALSE;
T6CON = 0b0.0110.1.00;
// timerOccured is a global or static variable
timerOccured = TRUE;
return TRUE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Timer.c for more details.
8.3.2 Idle
This event is periodically raised when the main loop is waiting for incoming RF (or interface) message to handle. The time spent handling this event is critical. When there is RF signal then the event is raised in STD mode approximately every 1.0 ms. When there is a RF signal, the time might be up to 2.8 ms.
Note that the frequency at which the event is called depends mainly on the time spend inside RFRXpacket IQRF OS function (used to receive network packets) located in the main DPA loop. In case when there is full IQMESH network consisting of 239 devices and the long diagnostic timeslot (200 ms) is used, the Idle event might not be called even for 239 × 200 ms = 47.8 s. Even longer time the Idle event is not called can happen during FRC and especially discovery.
Example
case DpaEvent_Idle:
// Go sleep?
if ( sleepTime != 0 )
{
// Prepare OS Sleep DPA Request
// Time in 2.097 s units
_DpaMessage.PerOSSleep_Request.Time = sleepTime;
sleepTime = 0;
_PNUM = PNUM_OS;
_PCMD = CMD_OS_SLEEP;
// LEDG flash after wake up
_DpaMessage.PerOSSleep_Request.Control = 0b0100;
_DpaDataLength = sizeof ( TPerOSSleep_Request);
// Perform local DPA Request
// BeforeSleep and AfterSleep events will not be called in this case!
DpaApiLocalRequest();
}
// Return user DPA value
UserDpaValue = myUserDpaValue;
return FALSE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Timer.c, CustomDpaHandler-Coordinator-ReflexGame.c for more details.
8.3.3 Init
This event is called just before the main loop starts after Reset event i.e. when the [N] is bonded. Also, Enumerate Peripherals is called before this event is raised in order to find out the hardware profile ID. Immediately after the event is processed the Autoexec is executed. This event is typically used to initialize peripherals and global variables. If the initialization is needed as soon as possible and even if the device is not bonded yet then it can be implemented inside 1st call of a Reset event.
If variable NodeWasBonded is set, then variable UserBondingData contains user data passed from the node that provided pre-bonding of the device.
Example
case DpaEvent_Init:
myVariable = 123;
T6CON = 0b0.0110.1.00;
TMR6IE = 1;
return FALSE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Timer.c for more details.
8.3.4 Notification
This event is called when a DPA request was successfully processed and the DPA response was sent. DPA response (but not original request) is available at this event. The user can sense what peripheral was accessed and react accordingly. _NADR contains the address of the sender of the original DPA requests i.e. address to send DPA response to.
Example
case DpaEvent_Notification:
// Anything was writen to the RAM?
if ( _PNUM == PNUM_RAM && _PCMD == CMD_RAM_WRITE )
{
if (PeripheralRam[0] == 0xAB)
LEDR = 1;
else
LEDG = 1;
ramWritten = TRUE;
}
if ( _PNUM == PNUM_EEPROM && _PCMD == CMD_EEPROM_WRITE )
{
uns16 someData @ bufferINFO;
eeReadData( PERIPHERAL_EEPROM_START, sizeof( someData ) );
if ( someData == 0 )
{
// …
}
}
return FALSE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-LED-MemoryMapping.c, CustomDpaHandler-PeripheralMemoryMapping.c for more details.
8.3.5 AfterRouting
[sync] This event is called after the DPA response was sent and (optional) Notification event and (optional) Interface Notification is sent. In any case, the packet routing of the original DPA request is finished.
Please note that the RF channel is not defined but if it is changed by a user code (e.g. before calling DpaApiRfTxDpaPacket) its value must be restored. Also, note that the original DPA request nor response foursome, as well as DPA data, are not available anymore.
Example
case DpaEvent_AfterRouting:
if ( ramWritten )
{
ramWritten = FALSE;
LEDR = 0;
LEDG = 0;
}
return FALSE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-PeripheralMemoryMapping.c for more details.
8.3.6 BeforeSleep
This event is called before the device goes to the Sleep mode. The code has to shut down all HW and MCU peripherals and circuitry not handled by DPA by default. Especially custom handling of SPI and I2C MCU peripherals in a non-DPA way must be handled. Also to minimize the power consumption, no MCU pin must be left as digital input without a defined input level value. So, unused pins in given hardware should be set as outputs.
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Timer.c.
This event is not implemented at the device having coordinator functionality i.e. [C] and not in the demo version.
Example
case DpaEvent_BeforeSleep:
StopMyPeripherals();
return FALSE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Timer.c, CustomDpaHandler-UserPeripheral-i2c.c for more details.
8.3.7 AfterSleep
This event is called after device wakes up from the Sleep mode. The event handler is the opposite of BeforeSleepevent handler.
This event is not implemented at the device having coordinator functionality i.e. [C] not in the demo version.
Example
case DpaEvent_AfterSleep:
StartMyPeripherals();
returnFALSE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Timer.c, CustomDpaHandler-UserPeripheral-i2c.c for more details.
8.3.8 Reset
This event is not raised in the demo version. The event is called just after the module was reset. It can be used to handle bonding/unbonding of the node in [N] devices. In this case, the code must return TRUE. If the node is not bonded the handler routine must not finish until the node is bonded. See Init event concerning the initialization options. An interrupt is enabled so the Interrupt event can be already called.
The event is also used to specify optional Bonding user data (see code example below) using variable UserBondingData in [N] devices that are passed during the remote bonding process and can be read by Readremotely bonded module ID. The code should also handle the setting of NodeWasBonded.
The Reset event is also once raised at [C] device for the sake of same behavior of all device types. In this case, it is not used to do bonding or unbonding of course.
Example
case DpaEvent_Reset:
if (!doCustomBonding)
{
UserBondingData[0] = 0x12;
UserBondingData[1] = 0x34;
UserBondingData[2] = 0x56;
UserBondingData[3] = 0x78;
return FALSE;
}
if ( amIBonded() )
{
if ( unBondCondition )
{
removeBond();
_LEDR = 1;
waitDelay( 100 );
_LEDR = 0;
}
}
else
{
while( !amIBonded() )
{
if( bondRequestCondition )
{
UserBondingData[0] = 0x12;
UserBondingData[1] = 0x34;
UserBondingData[2] = 0x56;
UserBondingData[3] = 0x78;
bondRequestAdvanced();
setWDToff();
}
}
NodeWasBonded = TRUE;
bondingUserDataOut = UserBondingData;
}
return TRUE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Bonding.c for more details.
8.3.9 Disable Interrupts
This event is not raised in the demo version. The event is called when the device needs all hardware interrupts to be disabled. Such moment occurs at Reset, Restart, and Run RFPGM commands.
Example
case DpaEvent_DisableInterrupts:
// ADC Interrupt Enable - off
ADIE = 0;
return FALSE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Timer.c for more details.
8.3.10 FrcValue
[sync] This event is called whenever the node is asked to provide data to be collected by FRC (see Send) and specified FRC Command is not handled by DPA itself (see Predefined FRC Commands). FRC Command value is accessible at _PCMD variable. FRC data to collect must be stored at responseFRCvalue IQRF OS variable. If 2 bytes are collected then the data must be stored at responseFRCvalue2B variable instead. If bits are collected then only lowest 2 bits of responseFRCvalue are used. Before calling the event both variables are prefilled with value 0x01 or with 0x0001 respectively (except Acknowledged broadcast - bytes).
It is critical that the code will take less than 40 ms at all nodes in order to keep them synchronized (the event is fired at the same time at all nodes) and to avoid RF collisions. If 40 ms is not enough to prepare data then use Set FRC Params to set longer time to prepare data for FRC to return.
Important: If the event handler exceeds selected time then the device does not respond via FRC at all thus “returning” 0 value. The event is raised even at the nodes that are not addressed by the current FRC command. IQRF OS function amIRecipientOfFRC can be used to find out if the result value is to be returned.
User data passed by Send are accessible at DataOutBeforeResponseFRC IQRF OS variable. This event is implemented at [N] devices only.
Example
case DpaEvent_FrcValue:
{
// This example is sensitive to the bit FRCommand 0x40
if ( _PCMD == FRC_USER_BIT_FROM )
{
// Return info about providing remote bonding
if ( ProvidesRemoteBonding )
// Both bits bit0 and bit1 are set now
responseFRCvalue.1 = 1;
}
// This example is sensitive to the byte FRCommand 0xC0
else if ( _PCMD == FRC_USER_BYTE_FROM )
{
// Just return your logical address as an example
responseFRCvalue = ntwADDR;
}
// This example is sensitive to the byte FRCommand 0xF0
else if ( _PCMD == FRC_USER_2BYTE_FROM )
{
// Return 2 byte value,
responseFRCvalue2B = Measure2Bytes();
}
return FALSE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-FRC.c for more details.
8.3.11 FrcResponseTime
This event is raised by predefined FRC response time command. 1st FRC user data byte (i.e. variable DataOutBeforeResponseFRC[0]) specifies the value of the user FRC command the FRC response time is requested. The byte return value corresponds to the one of the corresponding _FRC_RESPONSE_TIME_??_MS constant (see IQRF-macros.h). It is highly recommended to implement this event for every user defined FRC command. This allows the control system connected to the coordinator to find out the longest FRC response time in the network consisting of “unknown” heterogeneous node devices. DPA internally sets the lowest bit of the return value in order to prevent returning zero (equals to _FRC_RESPONSE_TIME_40_MS) value. The event is raised even at the nodes that are not addressed by the current FRC response time command. IQRF OS function amIRecipientOfFRC can be used to find out if the result value is returned.
Example
caseDpaEvent_FrcResponseTime:
switch ( DataOutBeforeResponseFRC[0] )
{
caseFRC_USER_BIT_FROM + 0:
caseFRC_USER_BIT_FROM + 1:
responseFRCvalue = _FRC_RESPONSE_TIME_40_MS;
break;
caseFRC_USER_BYTE_FROM + 0:
responseFRCvalue = _FRC_RESPONSE_TIME_640_MS;
break;
}
break;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-FRC.c for more details.
8.3.12 ReceiveDpaResponse
This event is called when there is a DPA response packet received from the network. If the event handler returns TRUE, then further standard DPA response processing (passing DPA response to the interface master internally by DpaApiSendToSpiMaster) is skipped. The event is raised even when HWPID does not match. At this time system variables RTTSLO and RTHOPS have valid numbers corresponding to the received response.
This event is implemented at [C] devices but not in the demo version.
Example
caseDpaEvent_ReceiveDpaResponse:
{
// This example just for demonstration purposes consumes any
// DPA response CMD_LED_PULSE at peripheral PNUM_LEDG and pulses LEDR locally
if ( _PNUM == PNUM_LEDG && _PCMD == ( CMD_LED_PULSE | RESPONSE_FLAG ) )
{
pulseLEDR();
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
}
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Coordinator-PollNodes.c for more details.
8.3.13 IFaceReceive
This event is called when there is a DPA request packet received from the interface master. If the event handler returns TRUE, then further standard DPA request processing (sending DPA confirmation back to the interface master, passing DPA response to the network internally by DpaApiRfTxDpaPacketCoordinator) is skipped. In this case, interface master receives an error DPA response with ERROR_INTERFACE_CUSTOM_HANDLER Response Code. The event is raised even when HWPID does not match.
This event is implemented at [C] device but not in the demo version.
Example
case DpaEvent_IFaceReceive:
{
// This example just for demonstration purposes consumes any DPA Request
// CMD_LED_PULSE at peripheral PNUM_LEDR and pulses LEDG locally
if ( _PNUM == PNUM_LEDR && _PCMD == CMD_LED_PULSE )
{
pulseLEDG();
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
}
8.3.14 ReceiveDpaRequest
This event is not raised in the demo version. The event is called when a DPA request (except Get information for more peripherals) is received from the network or from interface master (if applicable). If the event handler returns TRUE, then the request is not passed to the default handling by DPA Request event. In this case, the programmer is fully responsible for preparing a valid DPA Response that will be returned to the device that sent original DPA request. The event is raised even when HWPID does not match.
Example #1
caseDpaEvent_ReceiveDpaRequest:
// Returns error when there is an attempt to write to the address 0 of RAM peripheral
if ( _PNUM==PNUM_RAM && _PCMD==CMD_RAM_WRITE && _DpaMessage.MemoryRequest.Address==0)
{
_PCMD |= RESPONSE_FLAG;
DpaApiSetPeripheralError( ERROR_FAIL );
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
Example #2
caseDpaEvent_ReceiveDpaRequest:
// Do not allow request from Interface
if ( TX == LOCAL_ADDRESS )
{
_PCMD |= RESPONSE_FLAG;
DpaApiSetPeripheralError( ERROR_NADR );
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-PeripheralMemoryMapping.c and CustomDpaHandler-HookDpa.c for more details.
8.3.15 BeforeSendingDpaResponse
This event is not raised in the demo version. The event is called when a DPA response (except a response to Getinformation for more peripherals) is ready to be returned to the device that sent a DPA request via a network or from the interface master (if applicable). The event handler can inspect or modify the DPA response event in the way that the error code is returned.
Example
caseDpaEvent_BeforeSendingDpaResponse:
// Always adds one more read byte from EEEPROM peripheral and sets it to 0x55
if ( _PNUM== PNUM_EEEPROM && _PCMD== CMD_RAM_READ )
{
_DpaDataLength++;
FSR0 = _DpaMessage.Response.PData + _DpaDataLength - 1;
setINDF0( 0x55 );
}
return FALSE;
Example
caseDpaEvent_BeforeSendingDpaResponse:
// This example hides even enabled and implemented PNUM_IO peripheral
if( IsDpaEnumPeripheralsRequest() )
_DpaMessage.EnumPeripheralsAnswer.StandardPer[ PNUM_IO / 8 ] &= ~( 1 << ( PNUM_IO % 8 ) );
else
if ( _PNUM== PNUM_IO && _PCMD== CMD_GET_PER_INFO)
_DpaMessage.PeripheralInfoAnswer.PerT = PERIPHERAL_TYPE_DUMMY;
returnFALSE;
8.3.16 PeerToPeer
This event is not raised in the demo version. When peer-to-peer (non-networking) packets are enabled at HWP Configuration then device raises this event when such packet is received. Peer-to-peer packets are received by all devices receiving at the same RF channel. The peer-to-peer packets can be used to implement e.g. simple battery operated remote control device that is not part of the DPA network. It is highly recommended to use additional security techniques (e.g. encryption, rolling code, checksum, CRC) against packet sniffing, spoofing, and eavesdropping. As the peer-to-peer packets are not network ones an optional addressing (_DpaParams DPA variable can be misused for this purpose) must be implemented at custom way. It is also recommended to use the lowest possible RF output power and listen-before-talk technique to minimize the risk of RF collision that might cause the main network RF traffic to fail. The following minimalistic examples show only the basic usage.
Example – Transmitter
// Set RF mode to STD TX
setRFmode( _TX_STD );
// Prepare default PIN
PIN = 0;
// Prepare "DPA" peer-to-peer packet
// DPA packet fields will be used
_DPAF = 1;
// Fill in PNUM and PCMD
_PNUM = PNUM_LEDG;
_PCMD = CMD_LED_PULSE;
// No DPA Data
_DpaDataLength = 0;
// Transmit the prepared packet
RFTXpacket();
Example – Handler
caseDpaEvent_PeerToPeer:
// Peer-to-peer "DPA" packet?
if ( _DPAF )
// Just execute the DPA request locally
DpaApiLocalRequest();
break;
☼ See example code Peer-to-Peer-Transmitter.c, CustomDpaHandler-Peer-to-Peer.c, CustomDpaHandler-PIRlighting.c for more details.
8.3.17 AuthorizePreBonding
This event is sent whenever there is a request from a node to pre-bond to the network. The event is raised even if the remote bonding is not enabled (see ProvidesRemoteBonding) or if the pre-bonding was already provided (see RemoteBondingCount). This gives the user code the opportunity to monitor all bonding requests in the network. The event handler can decide whether the pre-bonding will be accepted (by returning a FALSE value, which is the default custom DPA handler exit code) or rejected (by returning TRUE). Please note that even when the pre-bonding request is accepted it does not mean that the pre-bonding will be actually executed. The reason might be that the remote bonding is not enabled (see Enable remote bonding and ProvidesRemoteBonding) or another node was already pre-bonded (see RemoteBondingCount) or this node will stay only pre-bonded (not authorized by Authorize bond yet).
There are many options how the event handler can decide whether the request will be accepted or rejected. Usually, the handler decides based on request node MID (variable BondingNodeMID can be used) or on bond request used data (variable UserBondingData can be used).
Example
case DpaEvent_AuthorizePreBonding:
// Called when remote bonding is enabled and a node requests pre-bonding
// We might monitor all bond requests
LogPreBondEquest( BondingNodeMID );
// Is the requesting node (MID) trustworthy?
if ( !isThustworthyMID( BondingNodeMID ) )
return TRUE;
// Does the node use the correct PIN being sent as bonding user data?
if ( !PINmatches( BondingNodeMID ) )
return TRUE;
// Allow pre-bonding of this node.
return FALSE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-AutoNetwork.c for more details.
8.3.18 UserDpaValue
This event is raised whenever DPA is internally required to return user defined DPA value in the response. This event is the very last time when it is necessary to fill in UserDpaValue variable but the user can also fill in this variable at any other event before and ignore this event.
Example
case [1]DpaEvent_UserDpaValue:
UserDpaValue = myValue;
break;
8.3.19 DPA Request
DPA requests to peripherals are handled in the same way as the built-in DPA interpreter does it. If DPA request is passed an event DpaEvent_DpaRequest is signaled.
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-UserPeripheral???.c for more details.
8.3.19.1 Enumerate Peripherals
This DPA request is called as a part of standard peripheral enumeration.
The purposes of the request are:
1. Specify how many user peripherals are implemented.
2. Set bits corresponding to the user peripherals at the UserPer array. Predefined macro FlagUserPercan be used.
3. If any standard peripheral is handled by custom DPA handler instead of default handler (overriding standard peripheral).
4. Specify HW profile ID and its version if one is implemented.
Example
case DpaEvent_DpaRequest:
if( IsDpaEnumPeripheralsRequest() )
{
// One user peripheral defined
_DpaMessage.EnumPeripheralsAnswer.UserPerNr = 1;
FlagUserPer( _DpaMessage.EnumPeripheralsAnswer.UserPer, PNUM_USER );
// We override standard EEEPROM peripheral
_DpaMessage.EnumPeripheralsAnswer.DefaultPer[PNUM_EEEPROM/8] |= 1 << (PNUM_EEEPROM % 8);
// HW profile ID and version
_DpaMessage.EnumPeripheralsAnswer.HWPID = 0x123F;
_DpaMessage.EnumPeripheralsAnswer.HWPIDver = 0xABCD;
returnTRUE;
}
8.3.19.2 Get Peripheral Info
If the user code handles user or overrides standard peripherals then this request is used to return information about the peripheral in the standard DPA format. If the handler does not handle the DPA “Get peripheral info request” then it must return FALSE to indicated error, otherwise, it must return TRUE.
Example
case DpaEvent_DpaRequest:
…
else if ( IsDpaPeripheralInfoRequest() )
{
// 1st user peripheral
if ( _PNUM == PNUM_USER )
{
_DpaMessage.PeripheralInfoAnswer.PerT = PERIPHERAL_TYPE_LED;
_DpaMessage.PeripheralInfoAnswer.PerTE = PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE;
_DpaMessage.PeripheralInfoAnswer.Par1 = LED_COLOR_UNKNOWN;
}
return TRUE;
}
8.3.19.3 Handle Peripheral Request
This request is sent whenever there is DPA request for a peripheral that was not handled by the default DPA code. Typically the code handles requests for user peripherals or overridden standard peripherals. If the handler does not handle the DPA request then it must return FALSE to indicated error, otherwise it must return TRUE.
Please note in the following code how to return an error state. Set PNUM to PNUM_ERROR_FLAG, set 1st data byte of the DPA response to the error code, set 2nd byte to the original PNUM and finally specify that the length of the data being equal to 2. The best way is to use predefined union member at _DpaMessage.ErrorAnswer.
If code saving is not an issue or there are just a few error types returned then it is easier to call DpaApiReturnPeripheralError API to return the error state. Otherwise shared (using goto) central error point is advised. Both methods can be seen in the code example below.
Example
case DpaEvent_DpaRequest:
…
else if ( IsDpaPeripheralInfoRequest() )
// …
else
{
// 1st user peripheral
if ( _PNUM == PNUM_USER )
{
// Test for some data sent
if( DpaDataLength == 0 )
{
// Return error ERROR_DATA_LEN
// DpaApiReturnPeripheralError(ERROR_DATA_LEN); is the easiest way
_DpaMessage.ErrorAnswer.ErrN = ERROR_DATA_LEN;
UserErrorAnswer:
_DpaMessage.ErrorAnswer.PNUMoriginal = _PNUM;
_PNUM = PNUM_ERROR_FLAG;
_DpaDataLength = sizeof( _DpaMessage.ErrorAnswer );
return TRUE;
}
if ( _PCMD == 0 )
{
UseDataCmd0(_DpaMessage.Request.PData[0]);
_DpaDataLength = 0;
return TRUE;
}
else if ( _PCMD == 1 )
{
UseDataCmd1(_DpaMessage.Request.PData[0]);
_DpaMessage.Response.PData[0] = someDataToReturn;
_DpaDataLength = 1;
return TRUE;
}
else
{
// Return error ERROR_PCMD
// DpaApiReturnPeripheralError(ERROR_PCMD); is the easiest way
_DpaMessage.ErrorAnswer.ErrN = ERROR_PCMD;
goto UserErrorAnswer;
}
}
return TRUE;
}
return FALSE;
The following functions can be called from the Custom DPA Handler routine. Please note that after calling an API function or after modification of userReg0 variable the value of macro GetDpaEvent() is undefined.
8.4.1 DpaApiRfTxDpaPacket
void DpaApiRfTxDpaPacket( uns8 dpaValue, uns8 netDepth )
Available at [N] devices. This function wraps all necessary code to send an asynchronous DPA message (typically response) from Node to Coordinator. There are only a few global parameters or variables that have to be filled in before the call (see example below). Many other parameters are handled inside the function automatically. The following example shows a typical usage. The parameter dpaValue specifies a DpaValue that is returned with the DPA response. Because the message is asynchronous its response code the highest bit is set (see STATUS_ASYNC_RESPONSE).
If the [C] is addressed by COORDINATOR_ADDRESS = 0x00, then the DPA packet is sent by the addressed coordinator to the interface master in case of [C] device it is received.
If the [C] is addressed by LOCAL_ADDRESS = 0xFC, then the DPA packet (request) is executed locally at the coordinator device.
The usage of the parameter netDepth is the following. Use value 1 if the message should be terminated at the subordinate coordinator, use value 2 if the message should be terminated at the DPA interface of the same coordinator or at the coordinator above the same coordinator, etc.
Calling DpaApiRfTxDpaPacket is allowed only at Idleand AfterRouting events. The function does not take into account any IQMESH timing requirements (e.g. waiting for the end of the routing process) or possible RF signal collision.
It is important to make sure that the PID of the message differs from the previously sent message from the same device with the same PCMD, otherwise, the message is regarded as a duplicate. Please note, that the previous same message might have been sent as an ordinary response. So it is advised to store PID of such response and use a different one then. Please see a very first statement in the example below.
Example
// Generate new packet ID to avoid false detection of duplicate packet
PID = pid++;
// Number of hops = my VRN
RTHOPS = ntwVRN;
// No DPA Params used
_DpaParams = 0;
// Execute DPA request at coordinator
_NADR = LOCAL_ADDRESS;
_NADRhigh = 0;
// We will use LED peripheral
_PNUM = PNUM_LEDR;
// Pulse the LED
_PCMD = CMD_LED_PULSE;
// HW profile ID
_HWPID = 0x1234;
// Length of the data inside DPA request message
_DpaDataLength = 0;
// Transmit DPA message with DPA Value equal to the lastRSSI (can be any other value)
DpaApiRfTxDpaPacket( lastRSSI, 1 );
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-AsyncRequest.c for more details.
8.4.2 DpaApiReadConfigByte
uns8 DpaApiReadConfigByte( uns8 index )
This function returns HWP configuration value from a given index (address).
Example
setRFchannel( DpaApiReadConfigByte( CFGIND_OS_CHANNEL_2ND ) );
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-AsyncRequest.c for more details.
8.4.3 DpaApiSendToIFaceMaster
void DpaApiSendToIFaceMaster( uns8 dpaValue, uns8 flags )
Available at [C] and [N] (at STD mode) devices. The function passes prepared DPA packet (response) to the interface master. The function sends the DPA packet marked as asynchronous unless bit flags.0 is set.
[C] device only:
If the interface master was not previously detected, then the call is actually ignored in the case of SPI interface. If there is some older data at the interface bus not being collected by the interface master yet then the function waits until the data is read.
Calling DpaApiSendToIFaceMaster is allowed only at Idle, IFaceReceive, and ReceiveDpaResponse events.
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-Coordinator-FRCandSleep.c, CustomDpaHandler-Coordinator-PollNodes.c for more details.
8.4.4 DpaApiRfTxDpaPacketCoordinator
uns8 DpaApiRfTxDpaPacketCoordinator()
Available at [C] devices only. This function is specially prepared for sending DPA requests from [C] to the [N] devices in its network. It prepares even more of the requested parameters automatically compared to the DpaApiRfTxDpaPacket function. Last but not least it also takes care of waiting to send another DPA request until routing of the previously sent (and received) packet is finished thus minimizing the probability of the network collision. The call initializes NetDepth by value 1.
The function returns a number of hops used to deliver the DPA response from the addressed device back to the coordinator. A number of hops used to deliver the DPA response to the addressee and slot length are available at IQRF OS variables RTHOPS and RTTSLOT respectively. Thus, the same information (Hops, Timeslot length, Hops Response) like within DPA Confirmation is available to the developer. See also Set Hops.
Calling DpaApiRfTxDpaPacketCoordinator is allowed only at Idle, AfterRouting, and IFaceReceiveevents.
Example
case DpaEvent_Idle:
{
// The following block of code demonstrates autonomous once per 60 s sending
// of packets if the {C} is not connected to the interface master
if ( IFaceMasterNotConnected && DpaTicks.15 != 0 )
{
// Setup new timer
GIE = 0;
DpaTicks = 60 * 100L;
GIE = 1;
// DPA request is broadcasted
_NADR = BROADCAST_ADDRESS;
_NADRhigh = 0;
// Use red LED
_PNUM = PNUM_LEDR;
// Make a LED pulse
_PCMD = CMD_LED_PULSE;
// HW profile ID
_HWPID = HWPID_DoNotCheck;
// This DPA request has no data
_DpaDataLength = 0;
// Send the DPA request
DpaApiRfTxDpaPacketCoordinator();
}
return TRUE;
}
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-Coordinator-PulseLEDs.c for more details.
8.4.5 DpaApiLocalRequest
void DpaApiLocalRequest()
Performs a local DPA request. After the function returns a corresponding DPA response is available except when the original DPA request was a Batch. Calling DpaApiLocalRequest is allowed at Init, Idle, AfterRouting, BeforeSleep, AfterSleep, PeerToPeer and DisabIeInterrupts events. It can be also called carefully inside the Reset even as during event the device might not be bonded yet, the interface is not started, etc. When a processed DPA message is not destroyed or used later then the function can be carefully used at ReceiveDpaResponse, IFaceReceive, ReceiveDpaRequest and BeforeSendingDpaResponse events too. To avoid reentrancy no Custom DPA Handler events (except Interrupt event) are called during local DPA request processing. This is the reason why performing local DPA request on custom peripherals do not work. Also, when e.g. Sleep request is executed locally, then events BeforeSleepand AfterSleep are not raised (same applies to e.g. Run RFPGM and Disable Interrupts event). As the DPA request is executed locally there is no need to fill in _NADR, _NADRhigh and _HWPID variables, see example below.
Example
case DpaEvent_Idle:
if ( IsSleepTime() )
{
// Prepare OS Sleep DPA Request
_PNUM = PNUM_OS;
_PCMD = CMD_OS_SLEEP;
_DpaMessage.PerOSSleep_Request.Time = 123;
_DpaMessage.PerOSSleep_Request.Control = 0b0010;
_DpaDataLength= sizeof( TPerOSSleep_Request);
// Perform local DPA Request
DpaApiLocalRequest();
// If no error, pulse the LEDR after wake up
if ( _PNUM != PNUM_ERROR_FLAG )
pulseLEDR();
}
return TRUE;
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Coordinator-FRCandSleep.c for more details.
8.4.6 DpaApiReturnPeripheralError
DpaApiReturnPeripheralError ( uns8 error )
This is actually a macro calling internal API DpaApiSetPeripheralError( error ) to prepare an error DPA response from the peripheral DPA request handling code. Then the macro executes returnTRUE or FALSE.
This simple statement DpaApiReturnPeripheralError( ERROR_DATA_LEN ) using the macro is fully equivalent to following lines of code:
_DpaMessage.ErrorAnswer.ErrN = ERROR_DATA_LEN;
_DpaMessage.ErrorAnswer.PNUMoriginal = _PNUM;
_PNUM = PNUM_ERROR_FLAG;
_DpaDataLength = sizeof( _DpaMessage.ErrorAnswer );
return Carry;
User peripheral can return user error codes. Such code values must lie between ERROR_USER_FROM and ERROR_USER_TO. See Response Codes.
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-UserPeripheral.cfor more details.
8.4.7 DpaApiSetRfDefaults
void DpaApiSetRfDefaults()
Sets the following default RF settings according to the IQRF OS and HWP configurations and a current DPA RF mode:
· RF filter value,
· RF mode bits,
· RF power value and
· RF channel value.
This function is typically called when some RF setting was altered or when IQRF OS function wasRFICrestarted() returns TRUE.
8.5 DPA API Variables
The following variables can be used within custom DPA handler routine. The variables marked by [readonly] are read-only variables. Writing to these variables will cause incorrect device behavior.
8.5.1 bit ProvidesRemoteBonding
[readonly]Equals to 1 when the device provides remote bonding, see Enable remote bonding.
8.5.2 uns8 RemoteBondingCount
[readonly] Number of pre-bonded nodes.
8.5.3 bit IFaceMasterNotConnected
[readonly]Valid at [C] device. Equals to 1 when master interface device was not connected during device startup.
In the case of SPI interface, it is considered not connected when a Reset DPA response is not read during the startup process.
In the case of UART interface, it is considered not connected when there was any DPA message received by the interface yet.
Please note that this flag might become equal to 0 when a master interface device sends some data to the [C] device later. The variable value is valid after Init event.
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-Coordinator-PulseLEDs.c for more details.
8.5.4 bit NodeWasBonded
Valid at [N] devices. Is set to 1 during Device startup if the node was newly bonded. It is a programmer's responsibility to set this variable if default bonding mechanism is overridden at Reset event.
☼ See example code CustomDpaHandler-Bonding.c for more details.
8.5.5 bit EnableIFaceNotificationOnRead
Valid at [N] devices. Setting to 1 enables sending DPA notification to the interface master even in the case of “read only” DPA request. The default value is 0.
8.5.6 uns16 DpaTicks
Implemented at [C] device only. The value of this variable is decremented every 10 ms after Init event. The variable is driven by TMR6. The variable can be used for implementation of timing algorithms. As this 2-byte wide variable is modified internally within CPU interrupt routine the whole (both 2 bytes) variable should be accessed (either read or written) only when an interrupt is disabled to ensure an atomic access.
Example
case DpaEvent_Idle:
// Is timeout over?
if ( DpaTicks.15 != 0 )
{
// Setup new 10s timeout
GIE = 0;
DpaTicks = 10 * 100L;
GIE = 1;
…
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-Coordinator-PulseLEDs.c for more details.
8.5.7 uns8 LPtoutRF
Valid at [N] devices and LP mode only. Timeout when receiving RF packets in LP mode. After a device startup, it is filled with a respective value from HWP Configuration at index 0x0A. See that chapter for more details.
8.5.8 uns8 ResetType
Identifies the type of reset (stored at UserReg0 upon module reset). See Reset chapter at IQRF User's Guide for more information.
8.5.9 bit DSMactivated
Equals to 1 if the device was maintained at DPA Service Mode (see Device Startup) when the device was started last time. The variable is set even when DPA Service Mode was terminated by Reset or Run RFPGM commands. The variable is not set when DPA Service Mode was terminated by Power on Reset.
8.5.10 uns8 UserDpaValue
This variable is used to store user defined DPA value. See Set DPA Param and UserDpaValue.
8.5.11 uns8 NetDepth
[readonly] This variable is used at ReceiveDpaResponse event to find out whether the received response is intended for (terminated at) the current device (NetDepth == 1) or is to be forwarded automatically by DPA to the higher network or interface (NetDepth >= 2).
☼ See example codes CustomDpaHandler-Coordinator-PollNodes.c for more details.
8.5.12 bit LpRxPinTerminate
When set to 1 then at [N] device running at LP mode waiting for packet reception is discontinued by a low level at MCU pin PORTB.4 regardless of configuration LP timeout value at index 0x0A. See setRFmode IQRF OS function for more information. Immediately after the packet reception is discontinued the Idleevent is raised. The default value is 0.
8.6 Examples
Next chapters describe selected Custom DPA Handler examples in more detail.
8.6.1 Bonding
This example shows how to implement a custom (un)bonding procedure inside Reset event. The code actually behaves the exactly same way the default (un)bonding procedure does, except the button is assigned to the different MCU GPIO pin and the node is not put to sleep when the button is not pressed for longer time.
→ Self-study tip: Modify the code in the way the node request bonding when the button is pressed only when the node does not sense stronger RF signal thus implementing List-Before-Talk technique.
Hint: Use checkRF IQRF OS function to sense RF signal.
8.6.2 AutoNetwork & Coordinator-AutoNetwork-Embedded
These are actually the most complex examples published to date. The Custom DPA Handlers automatically build IQRF network consisting of coordinator device only and new nodes or they allow adding new nodes to the existing network too. Building network means bonding new nodes at their final physical location and then performing network discovery.
Autonetwork process consists of repeated so called waves. In each wave, the process tries to bond as many new nodes as possible and finally performs discovery. As the new nodes are to be added to the network from their final physical location a remote bonding must be used (not a local one). There are two time-separated phases during each wave. Network either works as usual (i.e. typically DPA messages are transmitted) or new nodes (candidates) are remotely bonding to the network. The strict time separation of these two phases is needed in order to prevent RF traffic jamming.
New nodes do not try to (remotely) bond to the network unless they are allowed to. They listen for a special packet to start bonding. When coordinator decides to start a bonding phase then it itself and all already bonded nodes send special non-networking LP packet that announces the bonding phase. The packet is sent at separate time slots by each node (using user DPA peripheral) and coordinator respectively. The packet contains time in which the bonding phase starts and how long it lasts. The packet is received by node candidates so they know when they can start bonding.
Node candidates use Listen Before Talk technique before sending bonding request during bonding phase in order to minimize the number of collisions. If they succeed to bond they receive temporary network address (0xFE). If the node is having the temporary address for a too long time (this timeout is specified inside previously described LP packet) then it removeslocally its own bond and restarts. It will then try to bond again.
When the bonding phase is over the coordinator collects using Prebonding FRC and Read remotely bonded module ID MIDs of all prebonded new nodes having a temporary network address. Then coordinator authorizesthe nodes so they get definitive network address assigned.
Finally, FRC is used to check if newly bonded nodes are responding. If this is not the case the bond is removed both at coordinator as well as at node side for sure. At the very end, a network discovery is performed.
There are extra features that can be found in the source code. For instance, a system connected to the coordinator device can (dis)approve authorization of new nodes. Also, even prebonding of a new node can be authorized at the Custom DPA Handler code to allow prebonding of authorized nodes only and to avoid penetration of strange nodes.
To run autonetwork at LP mode the node AutoNetwork handler must be compiled with DPA_LP symbol defined. Please see the source code for more details.
→ Self-study tip: Look at the authorization code example conditionally compiled by AUTHORIZE_PRE_BONDING symbol. Use MID to authorize prebonding instead of bonding data. External EEPROM peripheral of the node might store a database of MIDs that will be allowed to prebond.
The following picture depicts the process in more detail.
8.6.3 Coordinator-FRCandSleep
This example shows autonomous coordinator, that regularly sends a predefined FRC command Acknowledged broadcast - bytes to the network. It might become a seed of a sophisticated battery-powered long-life sensor network.
The FRC command serves two purposes. Firstly it reads temperature value from onboard temperature sensors at the nodes, which is its default return FRC value. Secondly, it utilizes the acknowledged broadcast feature to put nodes to the sleep state after they return the temperature value via FRC. The embedded acknowledged DPA request in the FRC command is an ordinary Sleep command. The coordinator performs delay using DpaTicks API variable including safety gap after both Send and Extra result commands are executed inside the Idle event handler. Also please note a small delay inside Init event to allow external interface master to boot. This is necessary in the case of IQRF gateways.
→ Self-study tip: Change sleeping time to 2 minutes.
→ Self-study tip: Modify the code to return last RSSI value instead of temperature.
Hint: You will have to handle the FrcValue event and Acknowledged broadcast - bytes FRC command code.
→ Self-study tip: Utilize coordinator’s
peripheral RAM for passing a set
of nodes to return the FRC byte value from. This is useful in case
of bigger networks (with the address above 62, see
Send).
Hint: You will have to substitute using Send
for Send
Selective.
→ Self-study tip: Modify the code to return the state of the IQRF button.
Hint: You will have to substitute using Acknowledged broadcast - bytes for Acknowledged broadcast - bits and add a simple FrcValue event handler.
8.6.4 FRC-Minimalistic
This is a truly minimalistic code example. It shows literally at only two lines of C code how to implement custom FRC command. Its code is FRC_USER_BIT_FROM = 0x40. It returns 2nd bit equal to 1 if IQRF button is pressed, otherwise, it returns 0.
Following code extract shows the key part of the handler:
if(GetDpaEvent() == DpaEvent_FrcValue && _PCMD == FRC_USER_BIT_FROM && buttonPressed)
responseFRCvalue.1 = 1;
The code checks:
· for event DpaEvent_FrcValue,
· for custom FRC command code FRC_USER_BIT_FROM and
· for the button being pressed.
If all conditions are met then it sets the 2nd bit returned by FRC to 1. That’s all.
→ Self-study tip: Modify the code in the way the FRC command returns the bit indicating whether the green LED is switched on or off.
8.6.5 LED-MemoryMapping
The example shows controlling of physical LEDs at DCTR by the peripheral RAM. A custom command byte written to the 1st or 2nd byte of the RAM peripheral controls the red LED or green red respectively. It allows switching LED on, to switch off, to pulse or to start pulsing.
→ Self-study tip: Currently the example always controls both LEDs regardless of the part of RAM peripheral that was written to. Modify the code so it will check the actual byte range written to the RAM peripheral and to control the appropriate LED(s) only.
Hint: Use ReceiveDpaRequest event to find out the address and length of data written to the peripheral RAM.
8.6.6 PeripheralMemoryMapping
This example implements the bidirectional mapping of several MCU peripherals to the peripheral RAM. It allows controlling LEDs, reading button’s state and reading temperature value. All by means of peripheral RAM.
→ Self-study tip: Currently the example always controls both LEDs or reads buttons & temperature sensor regardless of the part of RAM peripheral memory space that was written to or read from respectively. Modify the code so it will work with the peripheral(s) that correspond to the peripheral memory range that was read from or written to.
8.6.7 UserPeripheral-18B20
This example demonstrates connecting the node to the 1-Wire device. It might be a starting application to create a sensor network having external temperature sensors.
The example uses a popular temperature sensor Dallas 18B20. The sensor is present at DDC-SE-01 sensor kit so it is very easy to create a device operating the sensor at the lab.
A deep knowledge of 1-Wire protocol is necessary to understand the whole source code.
→ Self-study tip: Modify the code to return the temperature value using the user FRC command.
Hint: As the 18B20 conversion time exceeds maximum 40 ms FRC response time both Set FRC Params at coordinator side and FRC response time at node side must be used.
8.6.8 UserPeripheral-18B20-Idle
This is a more advanced version of the previous UserPeripheral-18B20 example. This version performs a repetitive reading of the temperature value from the 1-Wire sensor at the Idle event in the background so the temperature value is available anytime without any delay. This simplifies implementation of user FRC command.
8.6.9 UserPeripheral-ADC
There is no standard ADC peripheral implemented at DPA. The reason is that there are many diverse requirements (number of channels, channel selection, conversion time, conversion precision etc.) to the actual ADC peripheral implementation.
This example implements analog to digital conversion from two channels. Intentionally these channels can be driven directly by a photoresistor and a potentiometer and available at DDC-SE-01.
→ Self-study tip: Implement user two-byte FRC command that will return MSB values from both ADC channels at once.
8.6.10 UserPeripheral-i2c
The example implements user peripheral that returns a value read from a connected I2C device. The code can directly read a temperature value from MCP9802 temperature sensor presented at DDC-SE-01.
A deep knowledge of I2C protocol is necessary to understand the source code in full detail.
→ Self-study tip: Implement user byte FRC command to return value from an I2C device. Pay attention to the maximum FRC response time.
8.6.11 UserPeripheral-PWM
This is actually the copy of the implementation of the standard PWM peripheral that is available only at demo version only. Use it as a template for your own PWM implementation.
8.6.12 UserPeripheral-SPImaster
This example shows how to connect SPI slave device to the DCTR node so the node behaves as SPI master. IQRF OS SPI support implements only SPI slave side. SPI slave device is controlled using custom command passed to the custom DPA peripheral. See the source code for full details.
→ Self-study tip: Connect ordinary another DCTR node with DPA SPI peripheral being enabled thus playing the role of SPI slave. Try to communicate bidirectionally between the two nodes.
This chapter is a kind of a checklist to go through when deploying the IQMESH network with DPA. Please note, that some steps might not be obligatory as they are already fulfilled (e.g. installed devices are already preloaded with DPA plugin and Custom DPA Handler). We suppose IQRF IDE is used as a tool.
1. Plan your network in terms of size, the number of (non-)routing devices, etc. If non-routing devices are present then it is recommended to assign them logical addresses from compact address interval at the top of the address space during bonding. This allows to effectively using parameter MaxAddr at Discovery.
2. Download required DPA plug-ins based on RF Mode, Interface, and (DC)TR type used. Upload them to the devices.
3. Get ready your Custom DPA Handlers for all devices. Make sure the handler code states unique HWPID of the device. Some handlers do not have any internal application logic code except stating HWPID but contain Autoexec and/or IO Setup. Upload the handlers to the devices.
4. Configure the devices:
a. The configuration very often differs between [C] and [N]s and even between various [N]s.
b. Start with a default configuration offered by IQRF IDE.
c. We recommend setting a unique access password for each network.
d. Do a frequency planning, i.e. set the working channel that is not used and jammed.
e. Enable all needed peripherals (do not forget to enable FRC at [C] and disable it at [N]s).
f. Make sure to enable correct SPI/UART peripheral/interface.
g. Enable Autoexec, IO Setup, Custom DPA Handler, disable routing, etc. as needed.
5. Bond [N]s to the [C]. This process depends on the used devices as it might be implemented differently at every handler. Also, Autonetwork is available. In general, the process is somehow initiated at [C] and [N] sides (e.g. by pressing a button). Sometimes devices are bonded before their physical installation, sometimes at the final place. Before the bonding of the new network, it is recommended to execute Clear all bonds at [C]. Of course, [N]s must not be already bonded before bonding. Also, CATS from IQRF IDE can be used for (un)bonding.
6. Run Discovery after all devices are successfully bonded and installed:
a. Use a lower RF output power than the one used during a normal network operation.
b. Duration of the discovery process depends on the network size and its topology. In the case of complicated networks, it might take 1 hour.
c. In the case of a homogeneous network, it is not always necessary to discover all devices (e.g. 95 from out of 100 might be OK) but all devices must be accessible.
d. When the network contains non-routing devices then all routers must be discovered.
e. After the discovery is finished test a communication with all devices.
f. Discovery result (number of discovered devices, the number of zones, parents) varies at the time because of an actual RF environment.
g. Discovery must be repeated every time the topology (new, removed and/or moved router) and/or RF conditions (e.g. a new RF obstacle) change.
h. Note: discovery is an integral part of the Autonetwork feature.
7. Enumerate the network and save information (IQRF OS and DPA versions, configuration, etc.) into separate files for a future reference.
8. Backup the network data from all devices ([C] and [N]s). The backup is required for an optional future cloning of the damaged device.
9. To protect your device from unauthorized CATS access you can set your own access password.
DPA supports uploading executable code to the devices as well as upgrading IQRF OS at the devices over the network without a need to connect the device to the HW programmer. In general, the code image or the IQRF OS change file must be first stored in the external EEPROM at the device and then a corresponding DPA request does the job. Next paragraphs describe how to proceed from the programmer’s point of view.
9.2.1 Storing Code at External EEPROM
Code image or the IQRF OS change file must be stored in the external EEPROM using series of Extended Write commands. The easiest but not the optimal way is to store the content at the external EEPROM address that is multiple of 64 by the repetitive writing of up to 32 bytes at the beginning and at the middle of 64 bytes long external EEPROM page. The most optimal way is to write as many as possible bytes that one Extended Write request can handle (54 bytes) while the external EEPROM page boundary is not crossed or to use Batchcommand that contains two Extended Writes. The first write just fills in the rest of the 64 bytes external EEPROM page, the second one writes as many bytes as possible to the beginning of the next page. Find below C# example implementation of the algorithm.
When Custom DPA Handler should be uploaded using LoadCode command then a .hex file containing the handler code must be stored in the external EEPROM. See LoadCode and Custom DPA Handler Code at .hex File for more details about decoding the file.
When IQRF plug-in containing an e.g. newer version of DPA or IQRF OS patch is to be loaded then a content of the .iqrf file has to be stored in the external EEPROM. See LoadCode for more details about decoding the file.
If IQRF OS change is to be executed then a special handler must be active and the corresponding .bin file containing the IQRF OS change data must be stored in the external EEPROM. See IQRF OS Change for more details.
When storing the data to the external EEPROM make sure that another data are not overwritten. That could be another upload data, handler operation data, Autoexec or IO Setup. A precise planning of the external EEPROM content is recommended.
It is also recommended to plan the whole upload or change process in advance in the way that all required data (active handler, IQRF OS change handler, IQRF plugin DPA, IQRF OS change file) are first stored in the external EEPROM and then used in order to minimize the code upload time. Some of the items at the external EEPROM may take up to a few kilobytes and it takes a considerable time to store them at the even small network.
Optimal writing to the external EEPROM:
voidWriteToEEEPROM ( byte[] writtenBytes, UInt16eeepromAddress )
{
// Size of NADR, PNUM, PCMD and HWPID
const intFoursomeSize = ( 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 ) * sizeof( byte );
// Maximum number of DPA PData bytes ( minus 8b error code + 8b DpaValue )
const byteMaxPDataLen = ( 64 - FoursomeSize - 2 * sizeof( byte ) );
// Maximum number of bytes one XWrite can handle
const byteMaxEEEPROMXdataLength = MaxPDataLen - sizeof( UInt16 );
// External EEPROM page size
const byteEEEPROMpageSize = 64;
// EEEPROM peripheral number
const bytePNUM_EEEPROM = 4;
// EEEPROM XWrite command
const byteCMD_EEEPROM_XWRITE = 3;
// HWPID used at this example
const UInt16 HWPID = 0xFfFf;
// Batch overhead = length of subcommand + PNUM + PCMD + HWPID + EEEPROM address
const bytexWriteBatchOverhead = ( 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 ) * sizeof( byte );
// Maximum number of bytes that can be written by 2 XWrites stored inside batch
const bytemaxBatchXWriteDataTwice = MaxPDataLen - 2 * xWriteBatchOverhead - 1;
// Current address
intwrittenBytesAddress = 0;
// Length
intremainsToWrite = writtenBytes.Length;
// While not everything written
for ( int written = 0; remainsToWrite != 0; eeepromAddress += (UInt16)written, remainsToWrite -= (UInt16)written, writtenBytesAddress += written )
{
// Remaining bytes at the page or at all, whatever is smaller
intremainInPageOrTotal = Math.Min( ( eeepromAddress / EEEPROMpageSize + 1 ) * EEEPROMpageSize - eeepromAddress, remainsToWrite );
// If remains more than XWrite can write, or more than Batch can write, or remains just the what totally remains
if ( remainInPageOrTotal >= MaxEEEPROMXdataLength || remainInPageOrTotal > ( maxBatchXWriteDataTwice - 1 ) || remainInPageOrTotal == remainsToWrite )
{
// Do one WXrite
// Do not write more than XWrite can write
written = Math.Min( MaxEEEPROMXdataLength, remainInPageOrTotal );
// Data to write by XWrite
byte[] bytes = new byte[written];
Array.Copy( writtenBytes, writtenBytesAddress, bytes, 0, written );
// Execute the XWrite
EEEPROMxWrite( eeepromAddress, bytes );
}
else
{
// Do Batch with 2 XWrites inside
// 1st write length
int write1 = remainInPageOrTotal;
// 2nd write length
int write2 = Math.Min( remainsToWrite, maxBatchXWriteDataTwice ) - write1;
// Total write equals to the sum of both XWrites
written = write1 + write2;
// Build a batch content
byte[] bytes = new byte[written + 2 * xWriteBatchOverhead + 1];
// Lengths
intwrite2ndOffset = xWriteBatchOverhead + write1;
bytes[0] = (byte)write2ndOffset;
bytes[0 + write2ndOffset] = (byte)( xWriteBatchOverhead + write2 );
// PNUMs
bytes[1] = bytes[1 + write2ndOffset] = PNUM_EEEPROM;
// PCMDs
bytes[2] = bytes[2 + write2ndOffset] = CMD_EEEPROM_XWRITE;
// HWPIDs
bytes[3] = bytes[3 + write2ndOffset] = (byte)( HWPID & 0xff );
bytes[4] = bytes[4 + write2ndOffset] = (byte)( HWPID >> 8 );
// 1st write address
bytes[5] = (byte)( eeepromAddress & 0xff );
bytes[6] = (byte)( eeepromAddress >> 8 );
// 2nd write address
bytes[5 + write2ndOffset] = (byte)( ( eeepromAddress + write1 ) & 0xff );
bytes[6 + write2ndOffset] = (byte)( ( eeepromAddress + write1 ) >> 8 );
// 1st write data
Array.Copy( writtenBytes, writtenBytesAddress, bytes, xWriteBatchOverhead, write1 );
// 2nd write data
Array.Copy( writtenBytes, writtenBytesAddress + write1, bytes, xWriteBatchOverhead + write2ndOffset, write2 );
// Execute the batch
OSrunBatch( bytes );
}
}
}
9.2.2 Executing Code Upload
Once the content of the .hex or .iqrf file is stored in the external EEPROM then the request LoadCode can be executed at the device to load the code. We recommend first running the command to check the checksum of the data at the external EEPROM only to make sure the code upload will not later fail. In case more devices are to load the code it is useful to use byte FRC command Memory read plus 1 to read result of the checksum check from multiple devices instead of individual polling each device one by one. When FRC is used then it is necessary to use Send Selective instead of Send in case of larger network. When all devices have the correct data at external EEPROM ready then finally the request LoadCodecan be fully executed to perform the desired code upload. To run the request at selected devices only then specific HWPID or Acknowledged broadcast - bits with Send Selective is to be used. Pay special attention when the former or new uploaded handler requires its own data to be stored at the internal and/or external EEPROM. See LoadCode for more details.
9.2.3 Executing IQRF OS Change
Changing IQRF OS version is very similar to the loading the code described above. The difference is that a special custom DPA handler must be used. See IQRF OS Change for more details. Apart from changing only IQRF OS version the process can also change DPA version at the same time. It implies that the current normally used custom handler must be replaced and then returned back. We recommend storing these items in the external EEPROM first before the IQRF OS change is performed:
1. Image of the special handler CustomDpaHandler-ChangeIQRFOS.iqrf,
2. IQRF OS change file and
3. Image of the normally used custom DPA handler.
First, upload the special handler from the item No. 1 by the process described above. Then similarly (to the loading the code) check that the item No. 2 from the above list is correctly stored in the external EEPROM. In this case, use a command of the custom peripheral implemented at the special handler for the check. Again the FRC can be used to verify the content at more devices in one stroke. When the content is OK then run the command again to perform the real IQRF OS change. When the change is finished then Memory read plus 1 can be used to check IQRF OS version or the build number (checking the lower byte of the build number is enough) from more devices at one go. Finally, return the normally used custom DPA handler stored at the item No. 3 back.
All symbols and constants are defined in header files DPA.h and DPAcustomHandler.h.
#define PNUM_COORDINATOR 0x00
#define PNUM_NODE 0x01
#define PNUM_OS 0x02
#define PNUM_EEPROM 0x03
#define PNUM_EEEPROM 0x04
#define PNUM_RAM 0x05
#define PNUM_LEDR 0x06
#define PNUM_LEDG 0x07
#define PNUM_SPI 0x08
#define PNUM_IO 0x09
#define PNUM_THERMOMETER 0x0A
#define PNUM_PWM 0x0B
#define PNUM_UART 0x0C
#define PNUM_FRC 0x0D
#define PNUM_USER 0x20 // Number of the 1st user peripheral
#define PNUM_USER_MAX 0x3E // Number of the last user peripheral
#define PNUM_MAX 0x7F // Maximum peripheral number
#define PNUM_ERROR_FLAG 0xFE
STATUS_NO_ERROR = 0, // No error
ERROR_FAIL = 1,// General fail
ERROR_PCMD = 2, // Incorrect PCMD
ERROR_PNUM = 3, // Incorrect PNUM or PCMD
ERROR_ADDR = 4, // Incorrect Address
ERROR_DATA_LEN = 5, // Incorrect Data length
ERROR_DATA = 6, // Incorrect Data
ERROR_HWPID = 7,// Incorrect HW Profile ID used
ERROR_NADR = 8, // Incorrect NADR
ERROR_IFACE_CUSTOM_HANDLER = 9, // Data from interface consumed by Custom DPA Handler
ERROR_MISSING_CUSTOM_DPA_HANDLER = 10, // Custom DPA Handler is missing
ERROR_USER_FROM = 0x20, // Beginning of the user code error interval
ERROR_USER_TO = 0x3F, // End of the user error code interval
STATUS_RESERVED_FLAG= 0x40, // Bit/flag reserved for a future use
STATUS_ASYNC_RESPONSE= 0x80, // Bit to flag asynchronous response from [N]
STATUS_CONFIRMATION = 0xFF // Error code used to mark confirmation
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_ADDR_INFO 0
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_DISCOVERED_DEVICES 1
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_BONDED_DEVICES 2
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_CLEAR_ALL_BONDS 3
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_BOND_NODE 4
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_REMOVE_BOND 5
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_REBOND_NODE 6
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_DISCOVERY 7
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_SET_DPAPARAMS 8
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_SET_HOPS 9
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_DISCOVERY_DATA 10
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_BACKUP 11
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_RESTORE 12
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_READ_REMOTELY_BONDED_MID 15
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_CLEAR_REMOTELY_BONDED_MID 16
#define CMD_COORDINATOR_ENABLE_REMOTE_BONDING 17
#define CMD_NODE_READ 0
#define CMD_NODE_REMOVE_BOND 1
#define CMD_NODE_READ_REMOTELY_BONDED_MID 2
#define CMD_NODE_CLEAR_REMOTELY_BONDED_MID 3
#define CMD_NODE_ENABLE_REMOTE_BONDING 4
#define CMD_NODE_REMOVE_BOND_ADDRESS 5
#define CMD_NODE_BACKUP 6
#define CMD_NODE_RESTORE 7
#define CMD_OS_READ 0
#define CMD_OS_RESET 1
#define CMD_OS_READ_CFG 2
#define CMD_OS_RFPGM 3
#define CMD_OS_SLEEP 4
#define CMD_OS_BATCH 5
#define CMD_OS_SET_SECURITY 6
#define CMD_OS_RESTART 8
#define CMD_OS_WRITE_CFG_BYTE 9
#define CMD_OS_LOAD_CODE 10
#define CMD_OS_WRITE_CFG 15
#define CMD_RAM_READ 0
#define CMD_RAM_WRITE 1
#define CMD_EEPROM_READ CMD_RAM_READ
#define CMD_EEPROM_WRITE CMD_RAM_WRITE
#define CMD_EEEPROM_XREAD ( CMD_RAM_READ + 2 )
#define CMD_EEEPROM_XWRITE ( CMD_RAM_WRITE + 2 )
#define CMD_LED_SET_OFF 0
#define CMD_LED_SET_ON 1
#define CMD_LED_GET 2
#define CMD_LED_PULSE 3
#define CMD_SPI_WRITE_READ 0
#define CMD_IO_DIRECTION 0
#define CMD_IO_SET 1
#define CMD_IO_GET 2
#define CMD_THERMOMETER_READ 0
#define CMD_PWM_SET 0
#define CMD_UART_OPEN 0
#define CMD_UART_CLOSE 1
#define CMD_UART_WRITE_READ 2
#define CMD_FRC_SEND 0
#define CMD_FRC_EXTRARESULT 1
#define CMD_FRC_SEND_SELECTIVE 2
#define CMD_FRC_SET_PARAMS 3
#define CMD_GET_PER_INFO 0x3f
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_DUMMY = 0x00,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_COORDINATOR = 0x01,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_NODE = 0x02,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_OS = 0x03,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EEPROM = 0x04,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_BLOCK_EEPROM = 0x05,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_RAM = 0x06,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_LED = 0x07,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_SPI = 0x08,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_IO = 0x09,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_UART = 0x0a,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_THERMOMETER = 0x0b,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_ADC = 0x0c, (*)
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_PWM = 0x0d,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_FRC = 0x0e,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_USER_AREA = 0x80,
(*) Standard peripheral of this type not defined and implemented yet. See example CustomDpaHandler-UserPeripheral-ADC.c for potential implementation.
#define DpaEvent_DpaRequest 0
#define DpaEvent_Interrupt 1
#define DpaEvent_Idle 2
#define DpaEvent_Init 3
#define DpaEvent_Notification 4
#define DpaEvent_AfterRouting 5
#define DpaEvent_BeforeSleep 6
#define DpaEvent_AfterSleep 7
#define DpaEvent_Reset 8
#define DpaEvent_DisableInterrupts 9
#define DpaEvent_FrcValue 10
#define DpaEvent_ReceiveDpaResponse 11
#define DpaEvent_IFaceReceive 12
#define DpaEvent_ReceiveDpaRequest 13
#define DpaEvent_BeforeSendingDpaResponse 14
#define DpaEvent_PeerToPeer 15
#define DpaEvent_AuthorizePreBonding 16
#define DpaEvent_UserDpaValue 17
#define DpaEvent_FrcResponseTime 18
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_DEFAULT = 0b00,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ = 0b01,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_WRITE = 0b10,
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ_WRITE = PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_READ |
PERIPHERAL_TYPE_EXTENDED_WRITE
HWPID_Default = 0, // No HW Profile specified
HWPID_DoNotCheck = 0xffff // Use this type to override HW Profile ID check
DpaBaud_1200 = 0x00,
DpaBaud_2400 = 0x01,
DpaBaud_4800 = 0x02,
DpaBaud_9600 = 0x03,
DpaBaud_19200 = 0x04,
DpaBaud_38400 = 0x05,
DpaBaud_57600 = 0x06,
DpaBaud_115200 = 0x07
#define FRC_USER_BIT_FROM 0x40
#define FRC_USER_BIT_TO 0x7F
#define FRC_USER_BYTE_FROM 0xC0
#define FRC_USER_BYTE_TO 0xDF
#define FRC_USER_2BYTE_FROM 0xF0
#define FRC_USER_2BYTE_TO 0xFF
The following examples show the implementation of 1-Wire CRC used to protect UART Interface data. Before using the routines do not forget to initialize CRC accumulator variable to the initial value 0xFF.
11.1.1 CC5XCompiler
// One Wire CRC
static uns8 OneWireCrc;
// Updates crc at OneWireCrc variable, parameter value is an input data byte
voidUpdateOneWireCrc( uns8 value @ W )
{
OneWireCrc ^= value;
#pragma update_RP 0 /* OFF */
value = 0;
if ( OneWireCrc.7 )
value ^= 0x8c; // 0x8C is reverse polynomial representation
if ( OneWireCrc.6 ) // (normal is 0x31)
value ^= 0x46;
if ( OneWireCrc.5 )
value ^= 0x23;
if ( OneWireCrc.4 )
value ^= 0x9d;
if ( OneWireCrc.3 )
value ^= 0xc2;
if ( OneWireCrc.2 )
value ^= 0x61; // …
if ( OneWireCrc.1 ) // 1 instruction
value ^= 0xbc; // 1 instruction
if ( OneWireCrc.0 ) // 1 instruction
value ^= 0x5e; // 1 instruction
OneWireCrc = value; // 1 instruction
#pragma update_RP 1 /* ON */
}
11.1.2 C#
/// <summary>
/// Computes 1-Wire CRC
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">Input data byte</param>
/// <param name="crc">Updated CRC</param>
static void UpdateOneWireCrc ( byte value, ref byte crc )
{
for ( int bitLoop = 8; bitLoop != 0; --bitLoop, value >>= 1 )
if ( ( ( crc ^ value ) & 0x01 ) != 0 )
crc = (byte)( ( crc >> 1 ) ^ 0x8C );
else
crc >>= 1;
}
11.1.3 Java
/**
* Returns new value of CRC.
* @param crc current value of CRC
* @param value input data byte
* @return updated value of CRC
*/
static short updateCRC(short crc, short value) {
for ( int bitLoop = 8; bitLoop != 0; --bitLoop, value >>= 1 ) {
if ( ( ( crc ^ value ) & 0x01 ) != 0 ) {
crc = (short)( ( crc >> 1 ) ^ 0x8C );
} else {
crc >>= 1;
}
}
return crc;
}
11.1.4 Pascal/Delphi
/// <summary>
/// Computes 1-Wire CRC
/// </summary>
/// <param name="value">Input data byte</param>
/// <param name="crc">Updated CRC</param>
procedure UpdateOneWireCrc ( value: byte; var crc: byte );
var
bitLoop: integer;
begin
for bitLoop := 8 downto 1 do begin
if ( ( ( crc xor value ) and $01 ) <> 0 ) then
crc := ( crc shr 1 ) xor $8C
else
crc := crc shr 1;
value := value shr 1;
end;
end;
The following examples show the implementation of one’s complement Fletcher-16 checksum used to check code uploaded by LoadCode command.
Please note that the one’s complement adding implementation does not use a well-known “modulo 255” algorithm that requires more code but it makes use of “carry technique” that unlikely does not avoid one’s complement negative zero value 0xFF.
11.2.1 CC5X Compiler
// Initialize One’s Complement Fletcher Checksum
uns16 checksum = “initial value”;
...
// Loop through all data bytes, each stored at oneByte
// Update lower checksum byte
checksum.low8 += oneByte;
if ( Carry )
checksum.low8++;
// Update higher checksum byte
checksum.high8 += checksum.low8;
if ( Carry )
checksum.high8++;
11.2.2 C#
public static UInt16FletcherChecksum ( byte[] bytes )
{
// Initialize One’s Complement Fletcher Checksum
UInt16 checkSum = “initial value”;
// Loop through all data bytes, each stored at oneByte
foreach ( byte oneByte in bytes )
{
// Update lower checksum byte
int tempL = checkSum & 0xff;
tempL += oneByte;
if ( ( tempL & 0x100 ) != 0 )
tempL++;
// Update higher checksum byte
int tempH = checkSum >> 8;
tempH += tempL & 0xff;
if ( ( tempH & 0x100 ) != 0 )
tempH++;
checkSum = (UInt16)( ( tempL & 0xff ) | ( tempH & 0xff ) << 8 );
}
return checkSum;
}
The following example shows principles of obtaining the code for Custom DPA Handler to be stored at external EEPROM and to be later loaded into MCU flash memory and executed.
Below is the piece of output .lst file of the compiled FRC-Minimalistic Custom DPA Handler example. The code is located from the mandatory starting address 0x3A20 and in this example ends at address 0x3A30.
; bit CustomDpaHandler()
; {
; // Handler presence mark
; clrwdt();
3A20 0064 CLRWDT
;
; // Return 1 if IQRF button is pressed
; if (GetDpaEvent() == DpaEvent_FrcValue && _PCMD == FRC_USER_BIT_FROM && buttonPressed)
3A21 0870 MOVF userReg0,W
3A22 3A0A XORLW 0x0A
3A23 1D03 BTFSS 0x03,Zero_
3A24 320A BRA m001
3A25 0025 MOVLB 0x05
3A26 082F MOVF PCMD,W
3A27 3A40 XORLW 0x40
3A28 1D03 BTFSS 0x03,Zero_
3A29 3205 BRA m001
3A2A 0020 MOVLB 0x00
3A2B 1A0D BTFSC PORTB,4
3A2C 3202 BRA m001
; responseFRCvalue.1 = 1;
3A2D 002B MOVLB 0x0B
3A2E 14B8 BSF responseFRCvalue,1
;
; return FALSE;
3A2F 1003 m001 BCF 0x03,Carry
3A30 0008 RETURN
; }
The portion of the corresponding .hex file stores the code bytes from the double address 0x7440 = 2 × 0x3A20 to 0x7460= 2 × 0x3A30.
:020000040000FA
...
:08741000AC310024BA31080080
:10744000640070080A3A031D0A3225002F08403AEA
:10745000031D053220000D1A02322B00B814031050
:02746000080022
:027AFE0008007E
...
The exact code size is 2 × (0x3A30 - 0x3A20 + 1) = 34 bytes. The length of the code stored at external EEPROM must be multiple of 64 so, in our example, the stored size is 64 = 0x40 bytes. If the unused 30 bytes (64 - 34) bytes of the 64-byte block are filled in with zeros then the Fletcher-16 checksum equals to 0xEA3A.
[sync] IQRF OS version at any DPA device can be upgraded (or downgraded) over the network without having a physical access to the device. It can also optionally change the DPA version at the same time. A special prepared Custom DPA Handler named CustomDpaHandler-ChangeIQRFOS.iqrf must be used. The handler can be found at the IQRF Startup Package. Upload the handler to the device using LoadCode command. Before that store an IQRF OS change file (e.g. ChangeOS-TR7x-308(0873)-308(0874).bin) at the external EEPROM using a series of Extended Write commands. The file can be found at the IQRF Startup Package too. Then execute a below-described DPA Request at the custom peripheral implemented at the special uploaded handler. After the IQRF OS change is successfully finished the device is reset and you can upload your previously used handler back again using LoadCode command.
Important: During the whole process of the IQRF OS change (starting at the time of sending below-described request) do not interrupt the power supply of the module and do not reset the module otherwise it would interrupt the process and irreversible damage the module. Make sure all batteries and accumulators powering modules are fully charged before the IQRF OS change is initiated.
Request
Please note that for security reasons the request requires explicitly specifying HWPID of the special IQRF OS Change handler equal to 0xC05E. The request will not be executed if HWPID equals to 0xFFFF.
The actual IQRF OS change process after the response is received takes several seconds. During the process the red LED in on. At the end of the process, the device is reset and the red LED goes off.
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
0 |
1 … 2 |
|
NADR |
0x20 |
0x00 |
0xC05E |
Flags |
Address |
Flags bit 0 Action:
0 Checks all required conditions without performing IQRF OS change.
1 Same as above plus performs IQRF OS change.
bits 1-7 Reserved, must equal to 0.
Address A physical address of the external EEPROM memory block containing the IQRF OS change file. The address value is recommended to be a multiple of 64 because it allows more effective writing the content of the change file to the memory.
Response
|
NADR |
PNUM |
PCMD |
HWPID |
ErrN |
DpaValue |
0 |
|
NADR |
0x20 |
0x80 |
0xC05E |
0 |
? |
Result |
Result:
0 All required conditions are met. IQRF OS change will be performed if Flags.0=1 was specified at the request.
3 Old IQRF OS is not present (old checksum does not match) at the module. IQRF OS change is not possible.
4 The content of IQRF OS change file stored in the external EEPROM is not valid. IQRF OS change is not possible.
7 IQRF OS change file stored in the external EEPROM has an unsupported version. IQRF OS change is not possible.
11.4.1 IQRF OS Change File
The IQRF OS change file content should be inspected before the file is stored in external EEPROM in order to find out the versions of IQRF OSs (and optionally DPA) it changes between and to check the file consistency.
File format
|
0 … 1 |
2 … 3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
7 … 8 |
9 … 10 |
11 … 13 |
14 … 16 |
17 … Length + 3 |
|
Checksum |
Length |
Version |
OsVerTo |
OsVerFrom |
OsBuildTo |
OsBuildFrom |
DPAto |
DPAfrom |
Undocumented |
Checksum Fletcher-16 Checksum of the file content starting from the 3rd field Version. The initial checksum value is 0x0000.
Length Length of the file content starting from the 3rd field Version, so the total file length is Length + 4.
Version File version. Currently, only value 0x01 is supported.
OsVerTo IQRF OS version the file changes to. See moduleInfo IQRF OS function for more details.
OsVerFrom IQRF OS version the file changes from. See moduleInfo IQRF OS function for more details.
OsBuildTo IQRF OS build number the file changes from. See moduleInfo IQRF OS function for more details.
OsBuildFrom IQRF OS build number the file changes from. See moduleInfo IQRF OS function for more details.
DPAto 3 bytes specifying DPA version to optionally change to.
First 2 bytes contain DPA version at the same BCD format the enumeration uses.
3rd byte contains the following flags/bits:
0: DPA supports Coordinator
1: DPA supports Node
2: 0=STD mode, 1=LP mode
3: SPI interface
4: UART interface
5-7: unused
Note: all 3 bytes are zero when DPA is not part of the change file.
DPAfrom DPA version to change from. Same format as DPAto.
If the implemented algorithm is already optimal enough and there is still a need to optimize the code in terms of minimizing code size, increasing execution speed or minimizing memory footprint, an optimization technique could be used. The following chapters describe a few of them. Some techniques are general and some of them are very specific for the CC5X compiler, IQRF ecosystem or the MICROCHIP PIC MCU. Some techniques are straightforward, some more complex. It is advisable to consult the generated code at the output .lst file in any case.
11.5.1 W as a temporary variable
FLASH- RAM Speed
When a content of W register is preserved, it can be used as a temporary variable.
|
if ( byte & mask ) bufferCOM[ 0 ] = 0xAB; else bufferCOM[ 0 ] = 0xCD; |
if ( byte & mask ) W = 0xAB; else W = 0xCD; bufferCOM[ 0 ] = W; |
11.5.2 Variable access reorder
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Try to group access to the variables from the same bank in order to avoid excess MOVLB instructions. By the way, C compilers are free to reorder statement in order to optimize generated code.
|
uns8 savedTX; ... RTHOPS = 0xFF; // @bank5 != TX = savedTX; // @bank11 != @bank5 == RTDEF = 2; // @bank5
|
uns8 savedTX; ... TX = savedTX; // @bank11 != @bank5 == RTHOPS = 0xFF; // @bank5 == RTDEF = 2; // @bank5
|
11.5.3 Variable access decomposition
FLASH- RAM Speed+
CC5X is not able to reorder hidden access to the bytes the wider variables consist of so it generates excess MOVLB instructions.
|
bank11 uns16 v11; bank12 uns16 v12;
if ( v11 == v12 ) nop();
|
bank11 uns16 v11; bank12 uns16 v12;
if ( v11.low8 == v12.low8 && v12.high8 == v11.high8 ) nop(); |
11.5.4 Explicit MOVLB omitting
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Under certain circumstances and CC5X settings (-bu command line option) the CC5X generates excess MOVLB instructions. Using #pragma updateBank MOVLB can be suppressed. It is recommended to study .lst files.
|
if ( byte > 0x04 ) byte = 0; byte *= 2;
|
if ( byte > 0x04 ) byte = 0; #pragma updateBank 0 byte *= 2; #pragma updateBank 1 |
11.5.5 Direct function parameter usage
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
It is advisable to use a variable that maps exactly the fixed function parameter (when available or when intentionally implemented in order to save RAM) at a function call to avoid useless data moves between the variable and the respective parameters. For instance, startLongDelay maps a parameter ticks to the param3 system variable.
|
uns16 delay; delay = (uns16)RTDT0 * RTDT1; startLongDelay( delay ); |
uns16 delay @ param3; delay = (uns16)RTDT0 * RTDT1; startLongDelay( delay ); |
11.5.6 Avoiding else
FLASH- RAM Speed-
By avoiding else branch it is possible to avoid skipping out of the if branch. This “else before if move” is possible only when it does not bring any unwanted side effects and when the slower execution does not matter. It is also better when the original else branch code is faster one and the if branch code is less frequent.
|
if ( checkValue( value ) ) byte |= mask; else byte &= ~mask; |
byte |= mask; if ( !checkValue( value ) ) byte &= ~mask; |
|
bufferCOM[ 0 ] = 0xCD; if ( value.1 ) bufferCOM[ 0 ] = 0xAB;
|
W = 0xCD; if ( value.1 ) W = 0xAB;
bufferCOM[ 0 ] = W; |
11.5.7 Switch instead of if
FLASH- RAM Speed+
CC5X generates more effective code in case of the switch when an expression value is compared to the more than usually 2 constant values.
|
if ( byte == 1 || byte == 3 ) _LEDR = 1; else if ( byte == 7 || byte == 13 ) _LEDR = 0; |
switch( byte ) { case 1: case 3: _LEDG = 1; break;
case 7: case 13: _LEDG = 0; break; } |
11.5.8 Function call before return
FLASH- RAM Speed+
If the very last function statement is another function (from the same page) call, then CC5X uses effectively goto instead of call+return. It is faster, shorter and consumes less MCU stack.
|
void Method () { disableSPI(); variable = 0; } |
void Method () { variable = 0; disableSPI(); } |
|
void Method () { if ( enable ) enableSPI(); else disableSPI(); } |
void Method () { if ( enable ) { enableSPI(); // return forces CC5X to emit GOTO before // else instead of CALL return; } else disableSPI(); } |
11.5.9 Using goto to avoid redundant code
FLASH- RAM Speed-
CC5X is not able to detect and merge the same tailing code from more blocks that terminate at the same point. Goto statement will help.
|
switch ( byte ) { case 0: variable = 0xbb; err = TRUE; disableSPI(); return FALSE;
case 1: variable = 0xaa; err = TRUE; disableSPI(); return FALSE;
default: return TRUE; } |
switch ( byte ) { case 0: variable = 0xbb; goto LABEL;
case 1: variable = 0xaa; LABEL: err = TRUE; disableSPI(); return FALSE;
default: return TRUE; } |
11.5.10 Avoiding readFromRAM and getINDFx
FLASH- RAM Speed+
IQRF OS allows to use *FSR0, *FSR1, INDF0, INDF1 for memory read purposes instead of un-effective and obsolete readFromRAM() and getINDFx() calls.
|
byte = readFromRAM( &mask ); |
FSR0 = (uns16)&mask; byte = *FSR0; |
11.5.11 Advanced C-compiler optimized instructions
FLASH- RAM Speed+
It is effective to use C-compiler optimized instruction, e.g. MOVIW.
|
byte = INDF0; // = *FSR0 FSR0++; mask = INDF0; // = *FSR0 FSR0 -= 5; var = INDF0; // = *FSR0 |
byte = *FSR0++; mask = INDF0; // or = *FSR0 var = FSR0[-5]; |
11.5.12 do {} while () is preferred
FLASH- RAM Speed+
If possible do {} while () should be used instead of while( ){} or for(;;) {} because a jump from the end of the loop is not needed and the condition is evaluated one less time.
|
uns8 loop = 12; while ( loop != 0 ) { // use loop loop -= 3; } |
uns8 loop = 12; do { // use loop loop -= 3; } while ( loop != 0 ); |
11.5.13 Use DECFSZ/INCFSZ
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Loop do {} while () with a condition --var != 0 or ++var != 0 leads to the effective compilation using
DECFSZrespectively INCFSZ instructions.
|
uns8 loop = 0; do { // execute loop body } while ( ++loop != 10 ); |
uns8 loop = 10; do { // execute loop body } while ( --loop != 0 ); |
11.5.14 Widening function parameter
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
Sometimes it is necessary to extend the function parameter size.
|
void Method ( uns8 value ) { uns16 var16; var16.high8 = 0; var16.low8 = value;
var16 *= 3; // use var16 } |
uns16 var16;
void Method ( uns8 value @ var16 ) { var16.high8 = 0;
var16 *= 3; // use var16 } |
11.5.15 Carry as a variable
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
Sometimes the Carry MCU flag can be carefully and effectively used as a variable.
Also, the following example shows how to compare and store the last value at one step.
|
// Keeps Carry, changes Zero_ #define XorWithAndCopyTo(value,xorWithAndCopyTo) do { \ W = value; \ xorWithAndCopyTo ^= W; \ xorWithAndCopyTo = W; } while(0)
// Compare and copy last values of PID, TX and PCMD to detect duplicate packets Carry = FALSE;
XorWithAndCopyTo( PID, lastPID ); if ( !Zero_ ) Carry = TRUE;
XorWithAndCopyTo( TX, lastTX ); if ( !Zero_ ) Carry = TRUE;
XorWithAndCopyTo( _PCMD, lastPCMD ); if ( !Zero_ ) Carry = TRUE;
// At least one of 3 parameters must be different to use the packet if ( !Carry ) ... |
11.5.16 Limiting variable scope
FLASH RAM- Speed
CC5X is not able to detect a minimal variable scope and therefore to share RAM location between the variables. The latest possible variable declaration plus artificial code blocks will help to save some RAM.
|
uns8 temperature; uns16 capture;
temperature = getTemperature(); bufferCOM[0] = temperature;
captureTicks(); capture = param3; bufferCOM[1] = capture.low8; bufferCOM[2] = capture.high8; |
{ uns8 temperature = getTemperature(); bufferCOM[0] = temperature; }
{ captureTicks(); uns16 capture = param3; bufferCOM[1] = capture.low8; bufferCOM[2] = capture.high8; } |
11.5.17 Using IQRF variables
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
When there is no risk of memory conflict then IQRF OS variables and function parameters can be used to save RAM and to avoid MOVLBs as these variables reside at the share core RAM area. Such variables can be used when no IQRF are not called.
|
uns16 Squared ( uns8 value ) { uns8 tempValue = value; uns16 squared = (uns16)value * tempValue; return squared; } |
uns16 Squared ( uns8 value @ param2 ) { uns8 tempValue @ param3; tempValue = value; uns16 squared @ param4; squared = (uns16)value * tempValue; return squared; } |
param2, param3, param4 can be used with caution. It is much safer to use user dedicated userReg0 and userReg1.
11.5.18 Parameter mapped to W
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
When the content of the W register is not modified then the very last function parameter can be mapped to it.
|
void Method ( uns8 value ) { switch ( value ) { case 1: case 2: _LEDG = 1; break;
case 4: case 8: _LEDG = 0; break; } } |
void Method ( uns8 value @ W ) { switch ( value ) { case 1: case 2: _LEDG = 1; break;
case 4: case 8: _LEDG = 0; break; } } |
11.5.19 Pointer parameters mapped to FSRx
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
When a function pointer parameter is later used as FSRx, then it is better to directly map this parameter to FSRx.
|
void ZeroMemory (uns16 from, uns8 length) { FSR0 = from; do { setINDF0( 0 ); FSR0++; } while ( --length != 0 ); } |
void ZeroMemory (uns16 from@FSR0, uns8 length) { do { setINDF0( 0 ); FSR0++; } while ( -- length != 0 ); } |
11.5.20 FSRx as 16-bit variable
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
When FSRx content is preserved then it can be used as a general 16-bit variable to save RAM and avoid MOVLBs. Also because of ADDFSR instruction adding/subtracting small constant numbers is very effective.
.
|
uns16 loop16 = 1000; uns8 var8; do { var8 = getTemperature(); // use loop16 and var8 loop16 -= 5; } while ( loop16 != 0 ); |
FSR0 = 1000; uns8 var8 @ FSR1L; do { var8 = getTemperature(); // use FSR0 and var8 FSR0 -= 5; } while ( FSR0 != 0 ); |
11.5.21 Using FSRx to copy between buffers and variables
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
It is effective to use FRSx to repeatedly access (copy, compare) content of buffers and variables in order to avoid MOVLBs.
|
RX = bufferRF[0]; RTDT3 = bufferRF[10]; var0 = bufferRF[20]; var1 = bufferRF[30]; var2 = bufferRF[40];
|
FSR0 = bufferRF; // or even better (shorter, but not faster) setFSR0( _FSR_RF );
RX = FSR0[0]; RTDT3 = FSR0[10]; var0 = FSR0[20]; var1 = FSR0[30]; var2 = FSR0[40]; |
11.5.22 Accessing 16-bit MCU registers
FLASH RAM Speed
Undocumented CC5X (parenthesis) trick can be used to map to the byte pair of the 16-bit MCU variable without warning.
|
CCPR2L = 0x34; CCPR2H = 0x12; |
uns16 CCPR2 @ ( &CCPR2L ); CCPR2 = 0x1234; |
11.5.23 Using IQRF OS offset and limit variables
FLASH- RAM Speed
There are predefined IQRF OS variables that can optimize various copy functions.
|
copyMemoryBlock( bufferRF + 5, bufferINFO + 2, 3); |
memoryOffsetFrom = 5; memoryOffsetTo = 2; memoryLimit = 3; copyBufferRF2INFO(); |
11.5.24 Effective is not always effective
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Observe output .lst file when it makes sense.
|
counter += value > maxValue; |
if ( value > maxValue ) counter++; |
11.5.25 Assignment also have a value
FLASH- RAM Speed+
This can eliminate extra assignment statements.
|
copyMemoryBlock(bufferAUX, bufferRF, 5); DLEN = 5; RFTXpacket(); |
copyMemoryBlock(bufferAUX,bufferRF,DLEN=5); RFTXpacket(); |
11.5.26 Interval detection optimization
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
|
uns8 GetRfRxFilter ( uns8 rxFilter ) { if ( rxFilter < 20 ) return _FLT_5; return _FLT_20; return _FLT_35; else return _FLT_50; } |
uns8 GetRfRxFilter ( uns8 rxFilter @ W ) { W -= 20; if ( !Carry ) return _FLT_5; W -= 35 - 20; if ( !Carry ) return _FLT_20; W -= 50 - 35; if ( !Carry ) return _FLT_35; else return _FLT_50; } |
11.5.27 Optimized constants
FLASH- RAM Speed+
It is advisable to use constants, which generate smaller code. In the following example the lower byte of the constant is 0, therefore more effective code is generated but the side effect is minimal.
|
#define DELAY 1000 startLongDelay( DELAY ); |
#define DELAY 1024 startLongDelay( DELAY ); |
11.5.28 Equality result
FLASH- RAM Speed+
When a function result is equality of two expressions, then instead of converting comparison result to the Carry (used to return bit result) it is better to return difference and to use Zero_ MCU flag. Carry flag can be even used for smaller/bigger comparison too.
|
uns8 var1, var2;
bit AreSame () { return var1 == var2; }
void APPLICATION ( void ) { if ( AreSame() ) ... else if ( var2 > var1 ) ...
} |
uns8 var1, var2;
uns8 AreSame () { return var1 - var2; }
void APPLICATION ( void ) { AreSame(); if ( Zero_ ) ... else if ( Carry ) ... } |
11.5.29 One instruction at if branch
FLASH- RAM Speed+
If the whole if branch is just one instruction long, then a goto instruction can be avoided.
|
RandomValue = lsr( RandomValue ); if ( Carry ) RandomValue ^= 0b10111000; |
RandomValue = lsr( RandomValue ); W = 0b10111000; if ( Carry ) RandomValue ^= W; // 1 instruction |
|
if ( OERR ) { CREN = 0; CREN = 1; } |
if ( OERR ) CREN = 0;
CREN = 1; |
11.5.30 Utilization of the preloaded W
FLASH- RAM Speed+
CC5X is not able to optimize commutative expressions in order to use already preloaded variable or W register.
|
uns8 var1, var2;
var1 = 1; if ( var1.0 ) { if ( var2 == var1 ) nop(); } else nop();
|
uns8 var1, var2;
var1 = 1; if ( var1.0 ) { if ( var1 == var2 ) nop(); } else nop();
|
11.5.31 == 1 is more effective than != 1
FLASH- RAM Speed+
A test == 1 is more effective (DECFSZ) than a test != 1.
|
if ( var1 != 1 ) nop2(); else nop();
|
if ( var1 == 1 ) nop(); else nop2();
|
11.5.32 == 0xFF is more effective than != 0xFF
FLASH- RAM Speed+
A test == 0xFF is more effective (INCFSZ) than a test != 0xFF.
|
if ( var1 != 0xFF ) nop2(); else nop();
|
if ( var1 == 0xFF ) nop(); else nop2();
|
11.5.33 Expression modification
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Simplifying algebraic expressions can help a compiler to produce more effective code.
|
uns8 a, b;
if ( a > ( 16 - b ) ) nop();
|
uns8 a, b;
if ( a + b > 16 ) nop(); |
11.5.34 Computed goto with a table limit
FLASH- RAM- Speed+
|
void Table ( uns8
index @ W ) #define MAX 2
skip( index
); // Reverse order because
of previous subtraction goto _label2; // or e.g. return 0xEF
goto _label1;
// or e.g. return 0xCD
label0: // If the last used label is the 1st one then one goto instruction is avoided ...
|
11.5.35 Default is first at switch
FLASH- RAM Speed+
If there is a default used inside switch then it should be the first “case“ in order to avoid “goto default”. It might in some cases produce shorter code.
|
switch ( DLEN ) { case 12: return 21;
case 34: return 43;
default: return 0; }
|
switch ( DLEN ) { default: return 0;
case 12: return 21;
case 34: return 43; }
|
11.5.36 Better to return from than after the loop
FLASH- RAM Speed+
It is more effective to return from the function in the middle of the loop then to exit the loop then return. “goto to the return” construct can be avoided.
|
void function () { uns8 loop; for ( loop = 10; --loop != 0; ) { nop2(); nop2(); } } |
void function () { uns8 loop; for ( loop = 10;; ) { if ( --loop == 0 ) return;
nop2(); nop2(); } } |
The same applies to the return from the function itself.
|
void Function() { if ( condition1 ) { nop(); if ( condition2 ) { nop(); } } } |
void Function() { if ( !condition1 ) return;
nop();
if ( !condition2 ) return;
nop(); } |
11.5.37 Modification instead of storing value
FLASH- RAM Speed+
In special cases, it is better to modify the value of the variable then to assign it as the compiler optimizes to the shorter code. In the example below it just increments the value.
|
#define STATE_A 0 #define STATE_B 1 #define STATE_C 2
uns8 state; if ( condition1 ) state = STATE_A; else if ( condition2 ) state = STATE_B; else state = STATE_C; |
#define STATE_A 0 #define STATE_B 1 #define STATE_C 2
uns8 state = STATE_A; if ( !condition1 ) { state += STATE_B - STATE_A; // ++ if ( condition2 ) state += STATE_C - STATE_B; // ++ }
|
11.5.38 Assignment compares to 0
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Copying among variables often compares them to zero too (because of MOVF instruction).
|
uns8 variable = *FSR0++; if ( variable == 0 ) ... |
uns8 variable = *FSR0++; if ( Zero_ ) ... |
11.5.39 End condition of 16-bit loop variable
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Sometimes this can be optimized.
|
uns16 var16 = 12345; do { var16--; } while ( var16 != -1 );
|
uns16 var16 = 12345; do { var16--; } while ( var16.high8 != -1 ); // or FSR1 = 12345; do { FSR1--; // effective } while ( FSR1H != -1 ); |
11.5.40 Shift for a smart comparison
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Comparison of small numbers can be optimized by a shift.
|
uns8 upCount;
if ( upCount > 1 ) // or if ( upCount >= 2 ) |
uns8 upCount;
W = upCount >> 1; if ( W != 0 ) |
11.5.41 Optimized return TRUE/FALSE
FLASH- RAM Speed-
Every return TRUE or return FALSE actually requires two instructions. If there are more such statements it is more effective to implemented function to just return TRUE or FALSE and to return their value. This leads just to one goto instruction.
|
bit MyFunction() { // Do something if ( condition ) return FALSE; // Do something return TRUE; }
|
bit returnTRUE() { return TRUE; }
bit returnFALSE() { return FALSE; }
bit MyFunction() { // Do something if ( condition ) return returnFALSE(); // Do something return returnTRUE(); } |
11.5.42 Avoiding MOVLP #1
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Try to group, if possible, calls of function from the same Flash page.
|
copyBufferRF2INFO(); callingAnotherPageFunction(); eeeWriteData( 0 ); |
copyBufferRF2INFO(); eeeWriteData( 0 ); callingAnotherPageFunction(); |
11.5.43 Avoiding MOVLP #2
FLASH- RAM Speed-
If there are repeated calls of some function residing at another page, then create a function at the current page that calls this function.
|
#pragma origin __EXTENDED_FLASH
... pulseLEDG(); // Do something pulseLEDG(); // Do something pulseLEDG(); // Do something pulseLEDG();
|
#pragma origin __EXTENDED_FLASH
void pulseLEDGfromExtendedFlash() { pulseLEDG(); }
... pulseLEDGfromExtendedFlash(); // Do something pulseLEDGfromExtendedFlash(); // Do something pulseLEDGfromExtendedFlash(); // Do something pulseLEDGfromExtendedFlash();
|
11.5.44 Setting zeroed variables
FLASH- RAM Speed+
When it is for sure the variable is already zero the new value can be ORed in and it might lead to the more effective code (setting just one bit).
|
memoryLimit = 64; eeeWriteData( 0 ); |
// memoryLimit is zero so the next statement takes 1 instruction memoryLimit |= 64; eeeWriteData( 0 ); |
11.5.45 Compare to zero is more effective
FLASH- RAM Speed+
Comparing to a constant zero value is more effective than to the other numbers. The “~” operator takes one instruction as well as moving variable value to the working W register in the less effective code.
|
if ( ( address & 7 ) == 7 ) |
if ( ( ~address & 7 ) == 0 ) |
IQRF OS:4.00D-08B1 (DCTR-7xD)
· DCTR-5xD devices are not supported anymore.
· Demo DPA version is not released anymore.
· DPA for [CN] devices is not released anymore.
Changes and enhancements
· User peripherals do not have to be numbered consequently starting from number 0x20.
· Enumeration response extended by a bitmap specifying implemented user peripheral.
· The interval of allowed PCMD values extended.
· Bonding UserData extended from 2 to 4 bytes at Enable remote bonding and Read remotely bonded module ID.
· Remote bonding can bond up to 7 Nodes. See also Read remotely bonded module ID and RemoteBondingCount.
· MID at Authorize bond extended from 2 to 4 bytes to avoid MID collisions.
· Discovery data address extended to 2 bytes and not multiplied by 16 anymore.
· The meaning of Par1 changed at EEEPROM enumeration.
· The unlimited address range of Extended Read.
· The address range of Extended Write limited to the lower 16 kB of EEEPROM only.
· Changed addresses of Autoexec and IO Setup at EEEPROM.
· IO Setup size extended from 32 to 64 bytes.
· Send FRC returns data from one more extra Node in the case of 1B and 2B FRC commands.
· Slot timing updated according to IQRF OS 4.00.
· Backup and Restore data length increased and AES-128 encrypted using an access password.
· DSM protected and encrypted by an AES-128 using an access password.
· FRC command value is accessible at _PCMDvariable.
· CustomDpaHandler-ChangeIQRFOS.iqrf HWPID changed.
· The response that is sent when the device is started is marked by the new asynchronous flag.
· Usage of Write HWP configuration and Write HWP configuration byte inside Batch is not limited.
· Command OS Read additionally returns the shortest and the longest timeslot length.
· New parameter at DpaApiSendToIFaceMaster to specify asynchronous packets.
· Discarded commands:
· CMD_OS_SET_MID (irrelevant at IQRF OS 4.00)
· CMD_OS_SET_USEC (unused at current DSM)
· CMD_EEEPROM_READ (use Extended Read instead)
· CMD_EEEPROM_WRITE (use Extended Write instead)
New features
· Command Set Security.
· Deep sleep feature at Sleep.
· DPA API function DpaApiSetRfDefaults.
· IQRF OS Change process can also change the DPA version at the same time.
IQRF OS:3.08D-0858/3.08D-0879 (DCTR-5xD/DCTR-7xD)
· This is the ending major DPA release for DCTR-5xD.
Changes and enhancements
· Maximum data block length for EEPROMperipheral extended from 32 to 55 bytes.
Bug Fixes
· Fixed an issue when more LP mode [N] devices restarted at the same time caused some of them to delay their start by approximately 2 seconds.
· Fixed an issue when the demo DPA version [C] device responded with ERROR_NADR when the broadcast address or the temporary address was specified in the request. Same applies to the demo version of [CN] device at Bridge command.
· Fixed an issue when the PWM peripheral or the corresponding CustomDpaHandler-UserPeripheral-PWM.c example generated unwanted output glitch when PWM parameters were set.
· Improved Sleep accuracy at DCTR-7xD for times above 2 s.
IQRF OS:3.08D-0858/3.08D-0879 (DCTR-5xD/DCTR-7xD)
Changes and enhancements
· Parameter Mask added to Write HWP configuration byte command.
· Peripheral OS is always enabled regardless of the configuration settings.
· Change of the RF signal filter value at HWP Configuration takes effect after the device is restarted.
New features
· Write HWP configuration byte command can write multiple values including RFPGM settings.
IQRF OS: 3.08D-0858/3.08D-0879 (DCTR-5xD/DCTR-7xD)
Changes and enhancements
· The size of both read and write peripheral UART Write & Read circular buffers extended from 32 to 64 bytes. A maximum number of bytes transferred by this command extended from 32 to 55 bytes.
· Initial checksum value at LoadCode when loading Custom DPA Handler changed from 0x0000 to 0x0001.
· If Custom DPA Handler is enabled at the HWP Configuration but it is missing (not loaded in the Flash memory) then a response return code ERROR_MISSING_CUSTOM_DPA_HANDLER is not returned anymore when explicitly a peripheral OS is used. The request to the OS peripheral is executed.
· Set FRC Params now returns previous values.
· Read OS now returns extra byte reserved for a future use.
New features
· Command LoadCode also supports loading code from IQRF plug-ins (.iqrf files). This allows e.g. upgrading DPA version over the network.
· Implemented CustomDpaHandler-ChangeIQRFOS.iqrf handler for changing IQRF OS version over the network.
· Autonetwork examples support LP mode.
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue when new commands Extended Read and Extended Write undesirably modified first 3 bytes of peripheral RAM memory space.
· Fixed an issue when UART interface might receive a frame missing starting HDLC flag Sequence byte 0x7e.
IQRF OS:3.07D-0852/3.07D-0870 (DCTR-5xD/DCTR-7xD)
Changes and enhancements
· Command Discovery data returns 48 bytes instead of formerly 16 bytes.
New features
· New commands Extended Read and Extended Write to access 16 kB of DCTR-7xD external EEPROM memory.
· New command LoadCode for loading Custom DPA Handler code from external EEPROM into MCU Flash memory.
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue at DCTR7x devices when during precise sleep the current drawn exceeds approx. 500 µA.
· Fixed an issue when released DPA 2.20+ plugins for DCTR-7xD devices overwrite tailing (above size 736) instructions of Custom DPA Handler. Workaround - upload Custom DPA Handler after DPA plugin, but not in the inverse order.
IQRF OS:3.07D-0852/3.07D-0870 (DCTR-5xD/DCTR-7xD)
Changes and enhancements
· Header files DPA.h can be compiled using GCC compiler in order to help to interface with other frameworks.
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue introduced at DPA V2.22 when commands Set FRC Params and UART Write & Read accept only no data.
IQRF OS:3.07D-0852/3.07D-0870 (DCTR-5xD/DCTR-7xD)
New features
· New command Write HWP configuration byte.
Bug fixes
· Minimum required IQRF OS build number checked by OS Readfor DCTR7x devices corrected.
IQRF OS:3.07D-0852/3.07D-0870 (DCTR-5xD/DCTR-7xD)
Changes and enhancements
· IQRF button used e.g. for bondingredefined to GPIO pin PORTB.4 only.
New features
· Sleep command optionally supports 32.768 ms time unit.
· LpRxPinTerminate API variable allows interrupting LP packet reception by a pin change.
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue introduced at DPA 2.20 when Batch, Autoexec or IO Setup execution of embedded request is discontinued when one request does not match HWPID.
IQRF OS:3.07D-0852/3.07D-0870 (DCTR-5xD/DCTR-7xD)
Changes and enhancements
· DCTR-7xD Custom DPA handler Flash memory block extended to 864 instructions.
· [N] and [CN] devices send “Reset” DPA response when started the same way the [C] already did.
· Read HWP request configuration documented and returned checksum updated.
· Bridge response improved.
· DPA API variable LP_XLP_toutRF renamed to LPtoutRF
· EEEPROM peripheral allows reading and writing of a variable number of bytes.
New features
· Support of DCTR-7xD devices.
· 2 byte FRC commands.
· Selective FRC.
· Peer2peer packets.
· Alternative DSM channel.
· New commands Restart, Send Selective, Set FRC Params.
· New predefined FRC commands Memory read, Memory read plus 1, FRC response time.
· New events FrcResponseTime, UserDpaValue, AuthorizePreBonding, PeerToPeer.
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue when a precise sleep calibration caused exceptionally a shorter time at the very next sleep session.
IQRF OS:3.06D-0707 (DCTR-5xD)
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue when a precise sleep calibration (a part of OS/Sleep request) caused exceptionally an endless sleep of the device.
IQRF OS:3.06D-0707 (DCTR-5xD)
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue when PWM peripheral disabled [N] and [CN] devices until (WDT)reset is executed.
· Fixed an issue when DpaEvent_Interrupt executed clrdwt() as the 1st statement at the Custom DPA Handler (i.e. obligatory Handler presence mark) thus causing WDT being cleared every time when an interrupt was raised.
IQRF OS:3.06D-0707 (DCTR-5xD)
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue when a module startup time was significantly delayed in case of a strong service channel jamming.
· DpaTicks variable "frequency" fixed, it was slower by +0.8%.
IQRF OS:3.06D-0707 (DCTR-5xD)
Changes and enhancements
· Foursome parameters NAdr, PNum, PCmd capitalized to NADR, PNUM, and PCMD.
· Foursome parameter HwProfile renamed to HWPID.
· Updated timing recommendation, see DPA Confirmation.
· DpaEvent_Noneevent renamed to DpaEvent_DpaRequest.
· CMD_OS_SLEEP – Control bit 0 and bit 3 functionality enhanced and changed.
· Brown-out Reset disabled after device starts.
· Extra 32 bytes added to both EEPROM and EEEPROMperipherals.
· IQRF OS variable DataOutBeforeResponseFRC type changed from uns16 to uns8[30].
· System DPA value bit 0 returns value of DSMactivated variable.
· DpaApiSendToIFaceMaster has a new parameter.
· User DPA Value is stored at UserDpaValue variable. It is not transferred via userReg0 variable at the Idle event only anymore.
· Set Hops does not limit the number of hops to the VRN of the addressed and discovered node anymore.
· UART interface uses more sophisticated 8-bit CRC instead of simple XOR checksum to protect data.
· DpaApiSendToIFaceMaster works even when IFaceMasterNotConnected is set in the case when UART interface is used.
· DpaApiRfTxDpaPacketCoordinator now returns a number of hops to deliver DPA response back to the coordinator.
New features
· Full low-power (LP) support (i.e. bonding, Discovery, and FRC).
· FRC Acknowledged Broadcast.
· Custom DPA Handler auto-detection.
· IO Setup (early Autoexec).
· Extra 32 bytes memory space added to EEPROM and external EEPROM peripherals.
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue when NADR did not contain original sender address at (1.) DpaEvent_Notification event at the [C] device or (2.) inside the Batch request.
· Fixed an issue when NADR did not contain recipient address at DpaEvent_DpaRequest event when DPA request was part of Batch (or Autoexec) request.
· Fixed an issue at the [C] device where asynchronous or local request might not be executed (because of internal HWPID variable was not initialized) until enumeration of [C] peripherals was performed.
· Fixed an issue where at CMD_OS_SLEEP wake up on pin did not work when the calibration was initiated too (always the 1st time the CMD_OS_SLEEP was requested).
· Fixed an issue when using CMD_IO_SET as a part of Autoexec or CMD_OS_BATCH might cause device malfunction.
· Flushing internal buffers of SPI or UART before calling IQRF OS functions that use shared bufferCOM or when the device is going to sleep or reset.
· Improved disabling/enabling SPI/UART peripherals/interfaces before calling IQRF OS functions that use shared bufferCOM or when the device is going to sleep or reset.
IQRF OS:3.05D-06B5 (DCTR-5xD)
Bug fixes
· Fixed an issue of DpaApiLocalRequest() API call to allow Custom DPA Handler Interrupt event (now only this event is enabled during the call) to be raised. Missing Interrupt event might cause deadlock resulting in WDT reset.
· Fixed an issue where custom peripheral did not return an error (PNum was not set to PNUM_ERROR_FLAG) at [C] and [CN] devices.
IQRF OS:3.05D-06B5 (DCTR-5xD)
Changes and enhancements
· Every DPA Request/Response contains a new 2B HWPID parameter, see General message parameters.
· Changes of parameters or response results of the following commands, services or API: CMD_COORDINATOR_DISCOVERY, CMD_COORDINATOR_BACKUP, CMD_COORDINATOR_RESTORE, CMD_NODE_ENABLE_REMOTE_BONDING, CMD_NODE_READ, CMD_OS_READ_CFG, CMD_OS_READ, CMD_OS_BATCH, CMD_UART_OPEN, Peripheral enumeration, Autoexec, DpaApiRfTxDpaPacket.
· The [C] device sends „Reset“ message upon startup, see Device Startup.
· Notification event called even after read-only DPA response.
· Custom DPA Handler location and reserved Flash memory size changed and events renumbered. Custom DPA Handler must be recompiled and uploaded.
· Custom DPA Handler must use case DpaEvent_None: instead of the default:
· Event DpaEvent_Async renamed to DpaEvent_AfterRouting.
· A node can address the coordinator by COORDINATOR_ADDRESS or LOCAL_ADDRESS. See DpaApiRfTxDpaPacket.
· Changed LED indication style of the forbidden address upon Node startup at demo mode.
· Standard LED peripherals are not limited to demo version only.
170314 DPA v3.00 release
160912 DPA v2.28 release.
160414 DPA v2.27 release.
160303 DPA v2.26 release.
151201 DPA v2.24 release.
151023 DPA v2.23 release.
151008 DPA v2.22 release.
150903 DPA v2.21 release.
150805 DPA v2.20 release.
150130 DPA v2.13 release.
150115 DPA v2.12 release.
141119 DPA v2.11 release.
141105 DPA v2.10 release.
130602 DPA v2.01 release.
130512 DPA v2.00 release.
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